10 20 8497 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/86024895e68086dfc428e772ac87ea76.pdf 5efb89f23a62feebbd69b78ed4474804 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. The first of the Finnish people in Maynard came not long after the incorporation of the town, sometime during the 1880's, Conditions being what they were in Finland under Czarist Russian rule, the lure of "streets paved with gold" as too much to withstand. The first five families settled on River Street (as related to me by John Saisa). John's father, Topi Saisa, John H. Simons and Weckstrom among the five. Many of the later ones however settled on farms throughout the entire Acton, Stow, Maynard and Sudbury area. By 1894 they were numerous enough so that the Evangelical Lutheran Church was founded in 1895 and the Finnish Temperance Society in 1898. People of the Congregational religious persuasion occasionally had meetings in homes and the Temperance Hall with Rev. K. F. Hendrickson and Rev. Andrew Croup coming from out-of-town. In 1903 the Finnish Congregational Pastorate was established with Rev. W. W. Sundeline as the first minister. The Imatra Band was organized in 1899. A newsnote of January 5, 1900 tells of a new Finnish Cooperative store on Main Street. (This was the predecessor to the United Cooperative Society subscribed for in 1905.) In 1903 the Finnish Workingman's Socialist Society was organized. The Lutheran Church, founded In 1894, built the church building on Glendale Street in 1907-1908 at a cost of $8,000 and dedicated in June 1908. A parsonage was built in 1928 at a cost of $6,225. It had no synodical connection until November 10, 1908 when it affiliated with the Suomi Synod. They had fourteen pastors up to 1934. A Sunday School was organized in 1906; Ladies' Aid Society in 1906. There were one hundred seventy-five members in 1934 at the 40th anniversary celebration at which Jacob Laurila, chairman of the celebration committee, recited a history of the church. In 1967 the church moved to a new building over the town line in Sudbury, at the Junction of Great Road and Waltham Street. The Finnish Alku Temperance Society was founded In 1895 and moved March 23, 1900 from Harriman Court to the Whitney building. English classes were started with Mrs. James Coulter in charge in November 1901. A temperance society Eastern summer festival with twenty-eight towns represented, five bands, had between one and two thousand participants at Pumping Station Grove, Winter Street, in May 16, 1902 and July 4, 1902. October 16, 1903 the Society moved to Darling's Block, corner of Summer and Nason Streets, taking over the Associated Templar's rooms. The Acton Street quarters was converted into an Italian boarding house. July 15, 1904 new quarters were obtained In the old school building on Main Street owned by James Mullin. A naturalization society was organized February 24, 1905 by the Temperance Society. Over one hundred persons went March 1, 1907 to Boston to get first papers. June 18, 1909 fifty went to Cambridge for second papers. July 29, 1910 the Temperance Society opened its new building on the comer of Harriman Court and Main Street, which it was to live in until the organization was disbanded in the early 1960's. Through the years, the Summer festivals held In various Finnish communities drew thousands of people from all over the Eastern seaboard. For example, June 26, 1925 the festival being here at Vose's Pond had three bands, dramas, sports, with about eight thousand people In attendance. The Society also had a Summer place In West Concord called "Punkaharju's Activities of the Society included program evenings, dramas, chorus, a band (the National Band), sports (Kanto A.C.), gymnastics, and jointly with other temperance groups in town, a yearly campaign to vote liquor our of town. The Finnish Congregational Church, established as pastorate in 1903 had the following Ministers up through 1913: W.W. Sundellne, L.P. Miettinen, J.E. Sillback, A.F. Wirta, John Vanenen. Meetings were held in the Temperance Hall, Haynes Hall (Riverside), harness shop near depot in 1904, and American Congregational Church Chapel in 1905. The cornerstone of the church building was laid May 23, 1913 with one thousand people in attendance, different ministers speaking, The box imbedded in the cornerstone contained: Finnish hymn book, song book, Finnish calendar, picture of W. W. Sundeline (first Pastor), history of the Free Mission Church, names of all members and officers, Finnish coins, copy of Evangel, Jouluvista, Maynard News, Maynard Enterprise, Finnish Friend, North Star. August 29, 1913 the church vestry was dedicated with appropriate exercises. December 19, 1913 the church dedication took place with many ministers in attendance. The C. E. Society of the Church was set up in 1905 with twenty members. The Sunday School was organized in 1907 with seventy-five members, and the church had sixty-five members in 1913. In 1903 the Finnish Workingmen's Socialist Society was organized. It carried on sports, dramas, gymnastics, wrestling, acrobatics, dances, program evenings. It bought Vose's Pond area and set up the pavilion and track, fixed up the pond for swimming, held Summer festivals there which drew thousands of Finnish people from the Eastern seaboard. The Imatra Band became part of this society. The Tarmo Athletic Club was organized which participated in all sports. For those that remember that far back the basketball rivalries of the twenties have had no equal since, with Tarmo usually in the lead. A hall was built (John Pettokarju, builder) in 1909 with a two day dedication in November. The hall was enlarged in 1916. The 13th anniversary of the Society was celebrated for three days with the opening of the new hall in January 1917. The United Cooperative Society was initiated by this group. With the passing of years the Society as a viable group is now in 1969 just a memory. The Parker Street Hall was sold in 1969. In June 1915 the Knights of Kaleva was organized as "K.R. Knights of Kaleva" and the Ladles Auxiliary "Saluttaren Tupa K.N". The Alku Temperance Society Hall was used for the initiation with 175 persons in attendance. This Society is founded on the great epic poem of Finland "Kalevala". It is similar in precept to the Odd Fellows and Rebekkas. It is reported that the Kaleva Society has camp and grounds at a lake in Littleton. In 1933 the parent group set up the "Young Kalevas". The Knights of Kaleva is still alive as of this writing and have headquarters on River Street. During the Finnish-Soviet Winter War of 1939-40 all of the Finnlsh organizations In town united to raise funds for Finnish relief, with the exception of the Finnish Workers Federation. A symphony orchestra composed of the best Finn musicians in many communities in Massachusetts, including many from Maynard, led by one of Finland's leading directors toured New England for this beneficial purpose. As with all other ethnic groups, the off-spring of the original settlers have more or less moved into the mainstream of American life, into their own homes, vocations, hobbles and raising an American family. Quite a cry from the peasants of May 23, 1902 that were ordered "to vacate homes just built by the American Woolen Company on McKinley, Roosevelt and Harrison Streets in the new village because they were packed sixteen to a house built for six, burlap bags fastened to the walls to make rooms in half, spikes in wall for this purpose, wood chopped on floor". Freshly arrived from the old country there was no room otherwise. Quite a far cry, wouldn't you say? All dates from Maynard News. Read at the April 1969 meeting of the Maynard Historical Society. B.R. Koski Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: The Finnish People in Maynard Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-04 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.276 Description An account of the resource A historical summary of Finnish immigrants arriving in Maynard and their wide-ranging impact on the town. Alku Finland Finnish Finnish Congregational Church Finnish Imatra Band Imatra Band Kaleva Kanto Lutheran monograph pond socialist Tarmo temperance United Co-operative Society Vose Pond Vose's Park Pavilion https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/4a0b0ba29df20a1f1fc18ac1b38a938b.pdf fbb21cd1754d909c1d1c72b0bf8ef211 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. With the incorporation of Maynard in 1871 one of the needs was a Town Cemetery. Steps were taken immediately and the following is a chronology of events from the beginning. First to be buried in what is now Glenwood Cemetery: JOHM MARBLE - 1750 - 1820: burled in the Daniel Whitney lot in the original burying ground before the incorporation of the town. (from Nick Kavalcuch, caretaker) TH0MAS H. BROOKS, buried May 9, I872: first after incorporation. Cemetery chronology: MAY 26, 1871: Voted to appoint a committee to select site for a cemetery consisting of Aaron S. Thompson, Amory Maynard and John Proudman. JULY 1, 1871: Committee to bargain with Messrs. Amory and Lorenzo Maynard and take deed to land for cemetery (being part of the "Mitchel place"). To purchase six to eight acres at $150 per acre. Voted to purchase lot for cemetery from Amory and Lorenzo Maynard for $1,031.25. This must have from from the Maynard Family Tomb towards near the junction of Parker Street and Great Road, excluding the Turnpike School grounds. SEPT. 16, 1871: To build a bank wall of stones with split stone afoot in width on top. This would run along Parker Street to the Turnpike School grounds. DEC. 11, 1871: To leave the style of fence up to the Commissioners. APRIL 1, 1872: To purchase a hearse and build a hearse house. With no mode of transportation but the two feet for most people, the town furnished a hearse for funerals. The hearse house would be situated on the cemetery grounds. AUG. 21, 1872: Paid Amory and Lorenzo Maynard, cemetery lot, $1,031.25. Paid for building fence at cemetery. $732.68. OCT. 12, 1872: Henry Fowler appointed Sexton and established prices, as follows: For interments in town, adults: $4.00 For interments in town, children: $3.00 For out-of-town services: a reasonable sum In case of dispute, as determined by the selectmen. The word Sexton in relation to Henry Fowler meant he was undertaker. APRIL 3, 1876: Voted to grant a lot to the G.A.R., Henry Wilson Post #86, said post to select same, and said lot to he used under their discretion for the burial of deceased soldiers. APRIL 12, 1878: Herbert Fowler appointed Sexton. 1880: $250 deposited in the hands of the Town Treasurer by Benjamin Conant for care of his lot. This was the first money received by the town for "perpetual care". APRIL 29, 1881: Voted to layout and draw plan of new half of cemetery. F.A. Henderson to procure services of a surveyor. MARCH 14, 1882: Orrin S. Fowler appointed Sexton. MAY 2, 1884: Voted town hearse be varnished. Mr. O.S. Fowler to supervise doing of same. MARCH 8, 1886: Voted to build a receiving tomb at the cemetery. It was around this time, a year or two this way or that, also that the Maynard Family Tomb was built. 1887 --A substantial stone wall laid around the old Turnpike School grounds, enclosing them with the cemetery proper. The Turnpike School must have been at the junction of Parker Street and Great Road. It is the original school built 1779 on Old Marlboro Road about hundred yards north-east of Parker Street, then later moved to the junction, vacated in 1881 and moved to Acton Street for a residence. [Gutteridge's History of Maynard, 1921] APRIL 2, 1888: Voted that Abel G. Haynes, Warren A. Haynes and Orrin S. Fowler attend to the building of a receiving tomb. 1888: Paid North Acton Granite Company for receiving tomb, $7OO. 1889: Board of Selectmen serving as Cemetery Commissioners. MARCH 12, 1889: Orrin S. Fowler appointed undertaker (sexton). MAY 20, 1890: Complaints of plants and flowers being stolen from cemetery. MAY 28, 1890: To put article in the paper regarding penalties for desecration of cemeteries. AUGUST 27, 1890: Wood at cemetery sold for $2.25 per cord at auction. OCTOBER 8, 1890: To sell American Powder Mills all remaining wood for $1.50 per cord. JULY 8, 1891: Thomas McCarthy of Acton engaged to build wall near the tomb for $120. MAY 3, 1897: Voted to have hearse house painted. JULY 14, 1899: Vandals at the cemetery. SEPT. 1, 1899: Pump broken and lot owners complain about not being able to water graves. SEPT. 13, 1899: Standpipe with faucet erected at Glenwood. NOV. 17, 1899: Voted to have new part of cemetery laid out and plans drawn for same. 1903: Cemetery Commissioners, a board of three members, now elected for the first time at Town Meeting. Orrin S. Fowler, Sidney B. Shattuck and Fred W. Taylor. 1904: Since building known as the hearse house was appropriated for a "pest-house',' a building was purchased from George Hart for $50 to store tools and equipment at the cemetery. Sometime previous to 1904 the use of the town hearse was discontinued. The need for a "pest-house", for isolation of smallpox: victims from the rest of the population, required a small building. The hearse house filled the requirements and was moved across the street from the Poor Farm, somewhere set back in the vicinity of the high school or Alumni Field. An incidental note about the sale of the town hearse would be in order here. A practical joker by the name of Emil Boeske bought it and one busy Friday evening, dressed in his best, laid himself in it and had somebody parade him around town. NOV. 10, 1908: Voted to accept $1200 for perpetual care of the lot of Lorenzo and William Maynard. 1925: Voted to appropriate $1500 to replace toolhouse and contents which was destroyed by fire, 1927: Voted to transfer and appropriate so much of the land acquired by the Town by virtue of a deed from Lorenzo Maynard to be added to the cemetery. Voted a committee of two be appointed to act with Cemetery Commissioners, regarding additional land for cemetery purpose. 1928: Voted to instruct Cemetery Commissioners to purchase in behalf of the town for cemetery purposes land containing about eleven acres, adjoining Glenwood cemetery, from the heirs of William Taylor and appropriate $2900 for same. This land is between Glenwood and St. Bridget's cemeteries. 1928: A beautiful granite arch recently erected at the entrance of the cemetery, gift of one of the leading citizens of Maynard, Mr. William F. Litchfield. The December 7, I928 Maynard News details this as follows: New Milford granite archway had been completed and open for usage. Arch is supported on two columns 15 feet high and 3 feet deep, weighing about 30 tons. (A) gift to the town from William F. Litchfield, retired coal merchant. The name "Glenwood Cemetery" is inscribed on the columns. George Smith, grandfather of Mrs. Litchfield, was one of the first to purchase (a) lot in (the) cemetery. 1933: Voted to set aside for enlargement of the cemetery, premises described in a deed from Lorenzo Maynard to the Town of Maynard, dated March 26, 1903. New section plotted. The November 16, 1934 Maynard News reports that the iron fence has been installed from the The Maynard Family Tomb to Great Road. (This must have been one of the make-work projects of the W.P.A. during the Great Depression). 1935: Purchased a power lawn mower. Now possible to cut grass in entire cemetery in a short time. Roy E. Marsden appointed full time Superintendent at the cemetery. 1937: Voted $200 to purchase a parcel of land between new addition. 1938: 78 spruce trees destroyed by the hurricane on September 21st. Owing to loss of spruce trees surrounding the "summer house" it was thought advisable to remove the structure, which had stood there for so many years, and make a planting of shrubs and flowers. We have been unable to ascertain when the summer house was built. It was circular with seats around it for people to sit and rest. 1943: After September 1, 1943, all interments must be made in concrete, stone or steel vaults. Wooden interment boxes will not be permitted. Will solve sunken grave problem. 1947: Purchased truck, lowering device and artificial grass. 1950: A five foot fence erected at Maynard's tomb. 1952: Voted to approve the regulations at Glenwood. Cemetery nov under the Public Works Department. Interred in the Glenwood Cemetery is a cousin of Abraham Lincoln, Mrs. Ruth Trent by name. A monograph has been written on her. I am indebted to Ralph Sheridan for all research in the Town Reports, Selectmen's Reports, Town Clerk's Records and the Maynard Enterprise. A few dates are from the Maynard News. Read at the Meeting of The Maynard Historical Society B.R. KOSKI Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Glenwood Cemetery Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.277 Description An account of the resource A chronology of the Glenwood Cemetery from its coincident start with the town in 1871 through 1950. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1967 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ralph Sheridan cemetery Glenwood Cemetery https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/3f9c92113695a927837949d0d68edefa.pdf d51a7e91f790c9f40d841720233676a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Red binder Text Any textual data included in the document. This January of 1968 has been so severe in its extreme cold and snow that many of us will be relating stories about it many years hence. It seems that every generation or so we get what is called an "old time winter" - 1948 was one, 1920 another. Modern equipment today clears roads in generally short order, though frequent complaints are made to the authorities that is should be practically instant. Let us hark back to 1920 - and count our blessings. The following will be verbatim from the Maynard News. February 6, 1920 - 'Maynard Feels Blizzard' - Supt. Driscoll commended for keeping plows in action. Maynard is emerging from the worst blizzard experienced in this section for many years. Traffic was delayed and people were put to great inconvenience, but as there were no fires or casualties reported, nothing but good-natured badinage is heard. The storm commenced its work early Thursday morning and kept on the job throughout the day. In the evening the snow changed to sleet, which cut the faces of those forced to go out of doors. Town employees and railroad men suffered most, but all were more or less affected by its severity. John J. Driscoll, Supt. of Streets, informed the News that it was the worst storm he has experienced since he came to Maynard to reside. Roy Worden, Supt. of the Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street Railway, is in accord with Mr. Driscoll and says it was the worst blizzard that the oldest man in his employ has any recollection of. Mr. Driscoll had four plows working all day and some of these made three trips around the town. At noon there was a change of horses and at night these horses could go no further. In addition, he had men at work shoveling. These were augmented today and if possible, more will be set to work again tomorrow. This Friday morning five plows were at work at 4:30, in order to make the streets passable for the operatives in the mill and others forced to leave their homes early. Supt. Worden ordered cars and plows out early. Supt. Worden ordered cars and plows out early Thursday morning. Two of the cars reached Hudson. One of these was left there and the other became stalled with the plow in Gleasondale. One of the cars on the Concord end of the line reached as far as Paper Mill Corner on its return trip, but the other became enmeshed in huge drifts at Concord Junction. It took just six hours to make a run from the Sudbury Street turnout to the car barn, according to Mr. Worden. He expects to get into Hudson sometime this afternoon and with any degree of luck will also reach Concord. The steam railroad had its difficulties also. Trains left on time in the morning, but were hours late at night. The mail arriving at 9 AM was the only one which was delivered. Some of the morning mail was on cars stalled. During Thursday afternoon the wind rose to a gale and huge drifts precluded any chance of railroad men fighting their way through. Automobiles were placed in the discard. Doctors made their rounds on foot and credit is due them for their untiring efforts in visiting the sick. People residing in the outskirts and surrounding towns were kept from work in most cases. At noon Thursday, restaurants and lunch carts did a thriving business, as people who had any distance to walk and who came from work patronized these places. Many had foresight enough to carry lunches with them and many more stayed in the mill at noon, depending on relatives or friends to return at one with lunches for them. Grocery and meat men also came in for a hard day. In some cases orders were taken in the forenoon which were not delivered. Many wondered why the no-school signal was not blown in the morning. Supt. of Schools Millington, says that he was undecided, as Friday is visiting day and he did not wish to lose two days' time. However, at noon, it became apparent that children could not return, so the signal was blown. The storm had its amusing features as well. One in particular was the frequency in which some pedestrians passed on snowshoes or skis. Earlier in the week these articles were used for pleasure, but the fact was emphatically borne out that they were indispensable for commercial purposes as well. Late Thursday afternoon the Powder Mill pung put in its appearance drawn by a team of six horses, enabling the help to arrive home without delay or inconvenience. During the night the sleet formed a crust on the snow and as a result it did not drift as bad as anticipated, so that as the old weather man said; 'it might have been worse. 'February 6, 1920 - Hudson - Whittier's "Snowbound' may be a beautiful thing to read when one is seated by an open fireplace, listening to the crackling logs, but it is a different proposition to be obliged to brave such a storm as raged yesterday, the worst since the memorable blizzard of 1898, the year the steamer Portland went down. There was a decided icy feeling in the air Wednesday afternoon and evening, but nobody dreamed that the world would awaken yesterday morning to find itself facing a storm of unusual proportions and severity. Electric cars were quickly put out of commission. The Clinton Line did not land a car in Wood Square after its last trip Wednesday night and is still among the missing. The Maynard Line got to Hudson at 8 AM but has not been seen since. The Marlboro Line got two cars through in the early morning, after which service was completely at a standstill until late in the evening, when service was resumed with the Armory as the terminus. Schools were closed yesterday and the no school signal sounded again this morning. Nearly all the stores which keep open Thursday evenings closed at six o'clock. Trains were from four to five hours late, with mails delayed correspondingly. The midnight train did not reach Hudson until four o'clock this morning. Marlboro people waited at the Fitchburg Station from the time they left work until nearly eleven o'clock to get a train home. Many returned to factories in which they work and remained there overnight. Lodge rooms were also resorted to as bedrooms by snowbound ones. One elderly man who started to walk to Marlboro was given a resting place at the Town House, a comfortable bed being made up for him in the court room. The Boston morning papers did not arrive until late in the afternoon, being brought from Marlboro on a snow plow, and the early afternoon papers reached Fairbanks at 5:20. No Worcester papers reached Hudson. At midnight a snow plow left the iron on the Felton Street crossing of the Boston & Maine, and three freight trains were held up by it until four o'clock, it being necessary to send out a wrecking train to straighten out affairs. People obliged to be out this morning, going to work or otherwise, were forced to wade through deep drifts, and fortunate were those that could wait until somebody else had broken a path for them. A remedy for the complete extermination of the groundhog is in order. February 13, 1920 - Because of limited transportation facilities, as a result of the snow storm of last week, Maynard people have experienced considerable hardship. There has been no schedule on the electric car lines, and Boston Freight has not reached town in two weeks. Besides being inconvenienced in travel, there has been a shortage of living commodities to add to the general discomfort. Residents have shown a commendable spirit, and this will be rewarded by better things next week. This Friday there is a schedule maintained from the center of the town to Gleasondale. It is expected that snow and ice will be removed from the tracks so that cars can run as far as the Fitchburg Depot in Hudson this evening. Supt. Worden will turn his attention to the Acton Line Saturday, and hopes to have a clear track for railroad connection by Monday. On the Concord end of the line the street department of that town are engaged in clearing tracks. The workmen have been contending against ice ranging from three inches to twelve inches. Every foot of the ground conquered so far has been by the use of the pick axe. An illustration of this phase of the work may be gleaned from the fact that it took seven hours to make a clear track from opposite the residence of William Jones, Great Road, to the car barn Wednesday evening. Local businessmen have been hit hard. One grocer says that he can trace a loss of S75 on his Saturday business from South and West Acton. Another one says that these towns, plus Concord Junction doubles his loss. Samuel Lerer suggests that the merchants pool their interests until the tracks are cleared and engage drivers for pungs... allow them to collect regular fares between the towns mentioned and reimburse the drivers to the extent of a fair profit over what is collected in fares. The Express Company has been doing double duty since the failure of the freight and have been doing it exceedingly well. There is practically no sugar in town today. In some cases stores are out of butter, egg and cheese, and unless a Boston Freight hoves in sight this Friday afternoon, Maynard will have to subsist on canned goods for the time being. Things looked serious at the mill early in the week. There was an apparent shortage of acids and dyes. About 250 carboys are used weekly and Monday there were only fifty on hand. The company got in touch with the Government and as a result there was a special engine brought into requisition and a carload of the necessary product brought to Maynard. Dyes came by express. Unless traffic is opened, a shutdown is imminent. Carloads of coal were taken from the mill early in the week by the Government and sent to the Watertown Arsenal. Automobiles put in an appearance Thursday, the first since the storm last Thursday. The truck of the United Cooperative Association was the first and this was a signal for others, and they were run with more or less difficulty. But there are better things to come in sight and in the meantime, everybody "Cheer Up". February 20, 1920 - Maynard was treated to the novel sight of hundreds of volunteer workmen Saturday and Sunday, to open the car tracks between Maynard and South Acton. Practically every resident of Maynard is inconvenienced by the lack of transportation between the two towns. In order to offset this, Roy Worden, Supt. of the C. M. & H. Street Railway Company, petitioned businessmen to aid in opening the line. A meeting was called Friday afternoon, and the response was gratifying indeed. The movement was not an individual one by any means. All are concerned. The town has suffered through the storm to the extent of lack of transportation, mails, morning and evening papers, and many other necessities. It was a call for civic duty and while there were not more than fifty or sixty at work at one time, fully 500 people participated in the movement. Triumphantly swinging his pickaxe Saturday morning, B. J. Coghlin started the ball a rolling. He was quickly joined by other businessmen, laborers, and in fact during the two days, men and boys from every walk of life. It was not for the railroad, the business man, but for all concerned and this was evident from the cosmopolitan number who enthused over the work. As in many other places, the railroad could have suspended and waited for the warm sun and rain to do the work at no expense. The businessmen could have hired pungs for transportation, which was at first conceived. However, a splendid cooperative spirit was shown when Joshua Naylor called the meeting which results in opening the road as far as Parmenter's crossing. This was done through many discouraging conditions. Solid ice had to be cut through and water in many places was as high as the ankles of the workers. February 20, 1920 - The first Boston freight in more than two weeks arrived in Maynard Saturday afternoon. It was hailed like the rescue ship of old, as it brought delayed and necessary supplies. March 5, 1920 - Employees of American Woolen dug out congested freight in South and West Acton, Saturday and Sunday. In addition, they shoveled the sidings clear in Maynard and Gleasondale; paid time and a half for Saturday and Sunday work. March 12, 1920 - Responding to an appeal from the Boston & Maine Railroad to repeat the work of last week made necessary by the storm Saturday, more than 50 men responded to clear the sidings and switches in Maynard, Marlboro, South and West Acton, and Gleasondale. March 12, 1920 - While very little damage was done by the storm last Friday night and Saturday, great inconvenience was experienced. It slowed things to a standstill temporarily. Trains were stalled and people waited hours. Lights went out in one section of town. The memorable blizzard of 1888 was nothing to Saturday's storm. There was greater snowfall then, but the high wind which accompanied Saturday's storm with a near zero temperature beat all records. Even steam service was paralyzed. Nobody ventured abroad after the noon hour. A number of horses had to be dug out of drifts and it was a common sight to see some person step on what seemed a safe place, only to go through to the knees. Many cellars are now flooded because of the thaw Monday. March 19, 1920 - Ice sweeps away the Maynard Coal Co. Bridge over the Assabet. Thousands of tons of ice along the river from the rear of the Main Street School to Florida Court were loosened by the rainstorm Wednesday. March 26, 1920 - Cars on C. M. & H. Line had reached Concord Junction; hope shortly to be opened to Concord and West Acton. Spring finally came and all was well again in the little Town of Maynard along the Assabet. Read at the January, 1968 meeting of the Maynard Historical Society - B. R. Koski Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Winter 1920 Description An account of the resource How the Town of Maynard was affected by the extreme weather in winter 1920. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2026.209 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by B. R. Koski Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource white paper 8.5 x 11 in - 4 pages Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Maynard News Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski monograph snow winter https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/98ad34f52fa668c26a3c2d2f1ac7091d.pdf 6f34897f56c2aadb8fcbcc5acf4044ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Read at the January 1970 Meeting of the Maynard Historical Society. All dates refer to issues of the Maynard News. The chorus of a popular song which came out in the early 1930's goes like this: "Once I built a railroad Made it run, made it run against time, Once I built a railroad, now it's done - Brother, can you spare a dime?" That song should have been made then our national anthem, for it spelled out in simple unmistakable terms the anguish of the times - from the promise of "a car in every garage and a chicken in every pot" to the well of despair of not knowing from where the next meal would come. Of course, we were in rather a fortunate position in Maynard, for all during the decades of its existence the residents had experienced this feast or famine economy due to the reliance on one industry, (and textile at that, notorious for its cycles and poor wages). This experience came in real handy when the big thing came along. Those lean years brought the Veterans Bonus Marchers to Anacostia Flats in Washington D.C. from which they were routed by MacArthur, the Hunger Marchers to State Capitals and Washington, and the destroying of pigs to raise the price of pork. It also brought back a feeling of community togetherness - (call it what you may) and a realization that we are all human beings, not brute animals. Let us see what the records tell us about Maynard and its people. The Wall Street crash of 1929 was actually the climax to a process of disintegration of the economy that started in 1926-1927. The result of that crash, however, triggered a sudden gigantic retrenchment that affected all parts of the American economic structure. The people that were on the lowest rung of the economic ladder felt the impact of this where it hurt the most - no money equals no food or shelter or clothes. The myth of "prosperity 'round the corner" could not feed mouths that were hungry or provide shelter from the elements. With only reassurances, but nothing else coming from Washington, by the end of 1930 most communities were in dire straits - and we were no exception. The Welfare Department did what it could but was far from meeting the needs of Maynard's wants. Under those conditions a Citizens' Committee on Relief called an organizational meeting at the High School auditorium, January 2, 1931, with James A Coughlan, Rev. M. A. Vance, Chairman, and Harold Morgan, Treasurer. The purpose of the committee was stated as promoting the general welfare of the town and to receive and disburse funds committed to it. An initial fund of $1,000 and commitments of $50 weekly started the committee on its work. Harry Templeton, agent of the mill, stated that about $400 of that amount had been donated by the salaried officials of American Woolen and a representative of the American Powder Mills reported $450 coming from its employees. A long list of general committee members is listed. The committee will publicize all contributions but not names of those receiving aid. (Jan. 9, 1931) This committee reported (May 13, 1932) that it is in distress with no funds - that a letter had been sent to all recipients that there would be no aid after May 9, 1932. $3,200 had been spent in food, clothing and other necessaries of life. Flour received though Maynard Chapter of Red Cross has been distributed. On July 8, 1932, the Committee reported for one year of operation; -- it had co-operated with the town welfare secretary - aided over 200 families, organized vegetable gardens throughout town; 19 on Fowlers Field, 40 behind Alumni Field (Salo Farm), 20 on Thompson Street, and other places, spent $600 for plowing, fertilizer and seed (goods given by stores). Committee members are Rev. Matthew Vance, James A. Coughlan, Harold Morgan, Harry Templeton, F. Allen Hall, K. Paul Helander, and B. J. Coughlin. The committee endorsed a field day put on by the Sunset Intertown Baseball League which drew audiences of 200 to 500 fans, about 80 players on the teams from which will be picked the cream to play West Concord. Businessmen contributed prizes for this affair. A parade to Crowe Park was also part of the day's festivities. (July 22, 1932). The Committee on August 26, 1932, reported that it would conduct a minstrel show with Jim Farrell in charge. He will run the show entirely with women. November 10, 1932, news note reports that the Committee will distribute 200 bags of onions, tons of squash, and bagged flour. These are stored at Coughlan's Garage on Summer Street. (Present site of Fine Arts Theater) The Committee reported on May 4, 1933, that it plans to have 6-8 acres of land for private gardens. Last year it had 250 gardens, spent about $600 and raised possibly $2,000 worth of produce. It is asking for 50 cent donations to defray expenses. The Citizens' Committee reported (May 11, 1933) that it has been working all winter getting donations from mill employees and overseers, from the various town departments, from the usual parties held by the Golf Club, from the Drama Group, The Maynard Players, and from the Little Theatre Group. The last news note we have of the Citizens' Committee is November 24, 1933, indicating that a new drive is starting. Last year it raised $2,190. We are not sure, but assume that the Committee carried out its individual garden plots in 1934 in conjunction with the community gardens that were instituted by the town in 1933 with aid from the state and federal levels. A new state law was passed in 1932 (May 20) allowing towns to accept advance payment of taxes from individuals and firms. This would assist communities in less borrowing - consequently less interest would be paid. A good barometer of the increasing hard times was indicated on July 15, 1932, by the local public Welfare Department when it reported that in 1931 welfare costs were about $35,000, but by mid-year of 1932 that sum was already expended. It asked the selectmen to call a special town meeting to vote additional funds for the remaining five and a half months of the year. January 5, 1933 - The School Department cuts wages by 10%. January 12, 1933 - Special Town Meeting, George Gutteridge, town Treasurer reports that until the annual town meeting he would be only able to pay town employees but no other bills - B. J. Coughlin said $50,000 outstanding in taxes a year ago, $65,000 now, plus water bills, sewer bills etc. amounting to another $50,000. March 16, 1933 - The annual town meeting voted to cut town rentals of private office space from $3,245 to $1,500 with no provision what happens to the department that cannot pay its rent. During the day of the meeting all tenants of mill houses received notices in the mail intimating that if the town meeting that evening voted in such a manner that taxes would go up and that rents in the company houses would also increase. This was the largest meeting up to that time in the town's history. May 18, 1933 - The School Committee voted to move Main Street School children to other schools, thereby reducing teachers by two and saving cost of heat and janitor. July 29, 1932 - The Veterans of Foreign Wars and Auxiliary held a parade and a road race to Stow, with fireworks at night, to help raise funds for needy families. August 26, 1932 - The local Red Cross, Mrs. William Crotty, Chairman, reports that it will receive cotton cloth of all kinds and will set up sewing units. March 23, 1933 - Both banks in town now open after President Roosevelt's two-week bank moratorium to prevent a run on the banking institutions of the country. March 30, 1933 - The Chamber of Commerce elected a committee of nine to find if work can be found for those on relief and then go to selectmen with the news. April 20, 1933 - It is reported that the Hunger Marchers are to pass through town going to Boston. They have asked the selectmen for food and shelter. Last year the Communists at Powder Mill Hall helped them. The Selectmen issue a parade permit to Crowe Park but no food and shelter. (April 27, 1932) The Hunger Marchers Parade (May 4, 1933) Saturday evening, then stop at the Russian Educational Society Hall where they were guests of the Unemployed Council of Maynard. They were given food and shelter by the Council and resumed their march to Boston Sunday morning. The purpose behind these marches nationally was to force the government to set up social security and they succeeded. The summer of 1933 (May 8) saw the start of a community garden effort for welfare men. It was sponsored by the Welfare Department and the Citizens' Committee. The latter committee still remained in charge of the individual gardens that we mentioned previously. Don Lent was in charge of the community garden and the Citizens' Committee plots at Alumni Field (75), Fowler's Field (25), Pond Lot (16) plus backyard plots. The community gardens were situated on Powder Mill Road (opposite the present location of Lund Products) and a canning factory was started in the building there which was owned by the Powder Mill. (August 10, 1933) The cooking tanks and pipes were made and donated by the American Woolen and the land and building and electricity donated by the Powder Mills. The town steam roller was backed up to the building and provided steam for cooking. 23,000 cans were donated by the state. 800 cans of string beans was the first effort, with beans, carrots, chard, and other items distributed fresh to town welfare recipients. As of September 21, 1933, the canning was as follows: 3,849 cans beans, 2,391 cans tomatoes, 253 beets, with this to be stored at the West Concord Cold Storage for distribution during the winter. The field near Alumni Field (Salo Farm) distributed 1,272 pounds beans, 50 bu. chard, 375 bundles turnips, 900 bu. Beets, 1,746 pounds cabbage, 2,410 pounds summer squash, 530 bunches carrots and 100 dozen cukes. The Emergency Relief Act (E.R.A.) passed by Congress allowed the town to start work project with the unemployed. (May 18, 1934) That week 83 men and 23 women received $1,332.60. Projects approved by the stated included Glenwood Cemetery extension, Florida Road drain, Assessor's map, cleaning the banks of the Assabet, sewing and knitting classes, extension of work on Alumni Field, grading track and tennis courts, and erecting bleachers. Don Lent was the local E.R. A. administrator. The work allowance was on a budget plan that allowed $2.00 a week (not a day) for food for those over 16 and $1.50 for those under -- $1.50 for fuel and light -- $5.00 for rent, $.75 for clothing. A June 1, 1934 announcement tells us that two new projects have been approved by E.R.A. the erection of a 20x24 field stone comfort station at Memorial Park with $3,000 coming from E.R.A. funds and the town contributing $700. The other project was the Community Gardens on Powder Mill Road. It is announced August 17, 1934 by Don Lent that canning is started at Middlesex House. (Our old town house). An October 5, 1934 news release by Lent tells that $9,000 will be spent this month, an increase of $500 over recent months because of heavier unemployment. An 85' × 200' hockey rink at Alumni Field as a project in 1935. (January 11) The American Legion and Auxiliary (January 11, 1935) will hold a whist social to benefit those in need. March 1, 1935 - press release tells us that a carload of cabbage from the state will be made into sauerkraut and distributed by E. R. A. - also received 168 cases of canned roast beef and lots of potatoes from the federal supply center. On June 23, 1938, we discover that the Relief and Soldier's Relief Funds are exhausted and 75 new names added to W. P. A. (Works Projects Administration) - 157 there now, 24 new girls added to N. Y. A. sewing project, (National Youth Administration) - and 12 young men to N.Y.A. Park and recreation projects. $5,000 unemployment checks a week distributed with 200 families on relief. On August 4, 1938, W.P.A. has 359 men and 14 women employees. A W.P.A. sewing project has an Open House (May 17, 1940). So, the Great Depression continued for 12 years until we were able to get into a war in 1941 - and prosperity of sorts was achieved. It did prove however, that we as a community did not sit passively - we tried long before the federal government was forced by the rising storm of protest to act. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Red Binder Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Maynard in the Great Depression Description An account of the resource A historical account of the Great Depression in Maynard written at the time of the 100th anniversary Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2026.214 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1930s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource white paper 8.5 x 11 in. - 5 pages Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by B. R. Koski Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Maynard News Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/3174a92a6bbe8e23952c11715c1642ad.pdf 61565400ff01ad684066e0811c2e6fae Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Excerpt: The one and only claim to fame that the Finnish people that removed themselves to these shores have is the steambath. The word "sauna" is part of our English language, so we descendants of those early Finns hold on to that little bit with iron grip to satisfy our vanity. The sauna was, and still is, we presume, an institution in Finland. Every household from peasant on up had this little building, separate from any others, on the premises. In it they not only bathed themselves, but gave birth to their offspring - it was warm and water was available in plenty. The building was small - 8ft. by 12 ft. or so - split one-third dressing room, two-thirds steam room, The firebox was built from the floor up with an 8-12" layer of river-washed small stones on top. This fire box was fired from inside the steam room for some unaccountable reason, causing gases from the flame and smoke to escape into the room, smarting and burning the eyes of the first occupants in great style, One small window after awhile allowed these gases to escape. Two barrels of water, which were filled by pail from the well, one cold, one hot, were used which was ladled into pails - the proper mixture for comfortable washing. Along one wall was a three tiered seating board. The lowest was the coolest, the third, where your head nearly touched the celling, was the hottest. After three to four hours of burning wood in the fire box, the hardened river stones were heated to we know not what temperature - suffice to say, when a ladle of water was thrown on them sometimes they would crack, and that's hot. ... Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Finnish Saunas Description An account of the resource A history of the Finnish saunas in Maynard Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski (w/William Salo and John Helander) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.177 Finnish Finnish History monograph sauna https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/97f1e59583056348e216273dde3d96fe.pdf 02b33d722bc16d8b75b15ea054891c92 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Birger has asked me to delete or make any additions to this essay entitled "Pool Rooms". He has written this paper so well and has put so many hours of research into it, that I do not plan to make any changes and will read it verbatim. However, at Its conclusion, I will make a few additions and I must also come to the defense of some of my friends who were pool room proprietors. The word pool room has had a certain unsavory connotation even to the present time in the minds of the homebody, because of the picture it conjures up. An old picture of unkept males, spittoons, sawdust on the floor for the spittoon missers, leering faces watching the passers-by, especially the woman folk, a hang-out for criminals, the whole gamut of an unhealthy world, springs into mind at the mention of the word. It seems however, that there are unnecessary evils in all aspects of life, in the same way as there are necessary good in order for a society to exist and persevere; it just depends on whose eyes are looking at what. Consider the little cosmopolitan town of Maynard after the turn of the century. From a comparatively sleepy little village of 3100 souls in 1895 it became a town of 5700 ten years later. The American Woolen Company, taking over the management of the defunct Assabet Manufacturing Company in 1899 created a tremendous need for labor. The Woolen Company had its agents in various European countries during this period, it also had large posters distributed thru out the mill urging the present work force to write to their old country friends extolling the virtues of coming to America and a New World. Up to this time the population consisted mostly of English, Irish, and Scotch persuasion. And they came -- mostly single men and women. They came from Finland, Poland, Russia, Italy, Lithuania, and a scattering from other countries. Twenty one different nationalities were listed by the town clerk. They set up their lodges, clubs, bands, etc., got married, did the things that people have done from time immemorial. Some also became habituees of pool rooms that some enterprising countrymen opened. This was their home until some wily wench of their own nationality wrenched them away to the domestic tranquility of marital bliss from which they occasionally escaped momentarily -- back home to the pool rooms. Pool, of course, was indulged in by nearly all the male populace, not only in Maynard but elsewhere. All societies had their pool tables when room allowed and when they became affluent enough. Pool matches were played by the better players and friendly games were played by others. It was indeed, an indoor sport whereby many happy hours were wiled away. Thru the years, pool rooms were located in various parts of the town. According to the Gutteridge History, the first pool table was located in the basement of Union Hall, built in 1857. Later came the combination barber shop and pool room. William Casey was the proprietor of such a place in the old Riverside Co-op building, also Michael Crowley who owned a similar establishment in the upstairs of Darlings block (present site of Eagles Building). Years later, George 0'Brien had a pool room at the Paper Mill Corner, later taken over by Joseph Allen; opposite Main Street on Elver was another; on the site of Music Hall was still another; on River Street a Polish manager held forth, while at the comer of river and Walnut, a Finnish manager was in charge. The Lynch pool and bowling alley catered to the pool sharks. Crossing the Assabet River on Main Street was a combination barber shop and pool room. It is claimed on good authority that during the years of no license the pool rooms were veritable oases to the thirsty ones and also, after Prohibition came, it was common knowledge that a thirst could be quenched with no particular difficulty. Jakey was a common drink peddled at these places. This was a Jamaica Ginger root concoction mixed with some soft drink. Old timers who had their thirst appeased claim even now this mixture made an excellent drink. Sometimes unscrupulous owners used clear shellac causing paralysis of the legs, known as Jakey Legs. Police cracked down every so often but the history of Prohibition would indicate that the situation could not be controlled. This could be considered a civil disobedience movement that finally swept Prohibition into the dust bin of history. The Civil Rights movement of today's is a parallel situation. PooI rooms news was sparse, but we have few dates to mention: June 11, 1909: Mike Tamloff, Proprietor of the Walnut Street Pool Room is sick. May 8, 1914: A pool strike is on in Maynard. About 100 pool players have gone on strike on account of the raise in the price of pool. The price is now five cents per cue. It was formerly two cues for five cents, Owners will be requested to revert to old prices. May 15, (1914): the pool strikers have won out, three owners have conceded to the strikers. Nov. 3, (1914?): Hanks Killenen has been appointed manager of the Riverside pool room on Main Street which opened for the Winter season on Monday. All items from the Maynard News. Conclusion. ----------- Now at the start I told you I would have a few remarks and additions to make relative to Birger's excellent effort. First, I want to make an apology to Birger. He arrived at my house Tuesday afternoon at almost the exact moment that the Gemini heroes were scheduled to splash in the Atlantic. I tried to give him my undivided attention, but It was just impossible with such an historical event taking place. In re-reading Birger's description of the pool rooms, the details seemed rather sordid. It is true that there were two places, run by foreigners that answered that description, however, there were other pool rooms, managed by the Sheridan Brothers, the Duggan Brothers, George Lynch, Edward MaManus, John Connors and others. They were all reputable citizens and they would not tolerate one drop of liquor on their premises and please be charitable to those that played the game. There was not much choice of entertainment In those days, and most of the young men preferred pool to the bar room. Naturally some very good players developed in those days, among some of the better players were my dear friend Spec White, Jimmie Claflin, deputy police chief of Boston, Tony Hilferty, Curly Downey, Phil Bowers, Kid Whalen, Doc Currier, and others. The history of pool is strange and remarkable. The game originated in Egypt, thence it traveled to China, and finally landed on the continent, and became very popular with royalty. The game is centuries old, probably the oldest. After a rather shady period yes, we must admit that pool rooms in the larger cities did house many criminals and riff-raff. Today it's not bowling alleys, instead bowling lanes. Pool rooms are now Emporiums. In the not too distant past, boys under eighteen years of age were not permitted to enter a pool room or bowling ally. Today children of all ages from nine to eighteen have their own leagues and contests. Pool emporiums are springing up thru-out the country and children are taught by experts how to play these two most scientific games. Billiards and pool have at long last come into their own. Je suid finis, which means "I have finished". By Birger Koski and Jim Farrell March 1965 Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Pool Rooms Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski and James Farrell Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-03 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.234 Description An account of the resource A place for unsavory characters or a home for skilled players? The pool (billiards) rooms have a an interesting history that intersects with the multi-national growth of the town at the turn of the 20th century. billiards monograph pool https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/71644c90e4488f654bbe313c197e8e34.pdf 159dc87995f104442002190e69d3b39d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. The Battle of the Bottle or License No-license or The Trials and Tribulations of Officer Connors or "Is My Father In Your Barroom?" "Get Away From Them Swinging Doors" The sound and fury and tragedy of yesterday's battles are concentrated in the Mack Sennott type of title and sub-titles of this paper. We can look back In amused toleration now, but 50 - 60 and 70 years ago, January, February and March of each year saw a titanic struggle take place for men's minds and votes In the small cosmopolitan town of Maynard. Rallies were held, voters were button-holed, dead men registered, money was passed, drinks were offered, group pledges were made; all the gambits of political warfare were utilized by one side or the other. But as the following record will show, virtuous Carrie Nation was no match for old demon rum - liquor In the form of beer being discovered around 3000 B.C., had given mankind a temporary Garden of Eden under Its influence. The one-half page unsigned advertisement In the Maynard News of March 9, 1900 epitomizes the liquor Interests, to wit: (1) no license Is farce (2) well conducted local saloon preferable to dive or kitchen barroom (3) ale, wine and liquor are national beverages necessary to the classes and masses (4) no license enforcement waste up money (5) source of revenue - thousands of dollars (6) means more business, money, less drunkenness, better standing in commercial world and life of progressive town (7) no-license means stagnation, dives, kitchen bars, vile liquors, more police, higher taxes. The Maynard News of December 12, 1902 devotes an article to a Women's Christian Temperance Union rally at Methodist Episcopal Church at which Reverends Lawford and Washburn spoke. Their points give a fair approximation of the temperance argument: (1) health, happiness and prosperity of Maynard impaired; (2) open saloon moral and financial liability; (3) no man of respectability and sobriety wishes a saloon near his home; (4) next to useless for Maynard to receive $3000 in rum money, and then appropriate $12,000 to introduce boys and girls to the high ideals of life - then requiring them to pass four times a day saloons when going to school; (5) bad example of Maynard men and prayers of the women; (6) Maynard boy who played drunk last week imitated his father; (7) Cambridge City Hall and Concord Library more healthy stimulants to a town than Maynard saloon; (8) give Maynard the library and close the saloons then children will cease patronizing Concord library and Concord drunks can remain home; (9) Maynard is on upgrade because of American Woolen Company - to be stigmatized as booze town of Commonwealth is unfair to hundreds of citizens. The need for a termperance Iodge rose early in Maynard history. The rigors and deadening influence caused by factory work on country boys from the surrounding area and old country immigrants no doubt created the condition for the organization of the eldest lodge in Maynard: The Iola Lodge, Good Templars, organized in 1866. This was of English and Scottish origin. Next was the organization of the Womens' Christian Temperance Union in 1884, followed by St. Bridget's Temperance Society in 1890 and the Finnish Alku Temperance Society in 1895. The rest of the twenty-one different national groups in Maynard apparently were not strong enough in numbers to have a temperance society, or were catered to by their church, or did not drink to that excess to need one. But to get back to our title and sub-titles of this paper, let us start with March 9, 1900, Good Templars and W.C.T.U. hold temperance rally in Music Hall with John Anderson, well-known Scottish temperance orator as speaker. Temperance concert also was held at the Congregational Church on Sunday eve. However, the Yes vote for liquor was 264 to 196 against. March 13, 1903 saw the No vote win by 379 to 301 - first time in nine years. St. Bridget's Temperance Society and the Good Templars joined in a celebration. May 1, 1903 finds the editor of the paper philosophizing that this being the first day of no-license a lot of dry people are around town. May 6, 1904 finds the selectmen voting out druggists licenses for the coming year. Apparently they must have abused their privilege the preceding year as the only local purveyors of liquor for medicinal purposes. May 6th also finds Saturday the last day of license in Hudson. The editor comments the riding on the electrics from Maynard to Hudson extremely heavy, with large bundles in the arms... on the return trip. He goes on to remark that some cynic said "that people were laying in a supply, which of course is not so". Jan 20, 1905: Temperance forces first to start campaign with rally at Music Hall and M.E. Church. License men are rumored to be hustling also. Their argument being that the town has not been dry anyway for the past two years as several expressmen are In business, The selectmen also fight a case in court that was filed and won: a $50 fine against a peddler who was selling drinks out of a bottle carried on his person. March 17, 1905 finds the license forces winning by 451 to 361. Rumors now are flying as to who will get the three licenses, and possibly two more after the census is taken. The editor comments that with Maynard following Hudson the No voters must have voted Yes this time as they were tired of going out of town and seeing expressmen for a $2 license bring it into town for affluent ones. May 5, 1905 finds Officer Connors making his second trip this month already to Concord with drunks. The selectmen also decide not to issue license to expressmen as liquor is back In town and the expressmen were not a necessity any more (Their wording.) Liquor dealers all have paid their fees totaling $3903. The editor has a field day remarking: "The sidewalks are too narrow for some people since Monday. Men in all stages of intoxication, jovial, looking for fights, weakened, hilarious. Police lenient on first day be order. the three saloons busy from six in the morning until eleven at night. Novelty were off by noon for these that traveled from one place to another on wobbly legs. Two Finns had the extreme honor of being arrested and brought before Judge Keyes, fined $10 and $2 (that's all the second one had). Officer Connors established an acquaintanceship between one Maynard Irishman and Judge Keyes, fined $10. As it happened he had taken a little too much previous to the introduction. May 19, 1905: the editor continues 13 jaglets (?), largest number arrested in one day history of the town. The cells are small and when three or four occupy one cell in the town caboose in that condition puts one in mind of the old town "pound" where stray cattle were rounded up. As a result the 7:35 Electric to Concord on Monday contained 13 gentlemen who desirous of making Judge Keyes acquaintance, devised the scheme of getting drunk and travelling to court at the expense of the town. As in such cases they were received courteously, and in fact the court was so taken with several present that It took $5 a piece from these favored ones a souvenir of their presence. July 21, 1905: the two new licenses might go to the West end, but the East enders are trying also. Oct. 20, 1905: town receives $202.65 for its share from Concord court from July 1 to September 30. Editor notes lots of drunks last Sunday.. wondering where liquor is being sold on the Sabbath. February 9, 1906: Temperence societies united will once more wage war on rum with two rallies at Music Hall. March 16, 1906: No-license wins 479 to 366. License people were too confident. Question of druggist licenses and express being discussed. July 20, 1906: New Maynard Temperance league composed of all temperance societies organized to combat illegal sale of liquor. It wants to stop this barefaced condition of things: will leave no stone unturned. November 2, 1906: Temperance league warns town officers that if conditions are not changed, state police will be called in. Internal Revenue certificates held by 14 Maynard men, including drugstores, sell "Uno" beer - very popular since May 1. (With an assist from Jim Farrell, who still remembers the term "Uno" beer, we learn it was a beer-tasting liquid with very little alcoholic content and legal to sell.) Apparently the "Uno" beer selling was a front to allow the sale of more potent spirits for on February 8, 1907, state police raided "Uno" beer sellers: 5 drugstores and rooming houses where all sorts of liquor was discovered. The Temperance league went over the head of the Selectmen, they not knowing beforehand anything of the impending raid. March 1, 1907 finds three cases coming up in Concord Court as the aftermath of the raid. A long article In the paper gives all the particulars of these cases which Judge Keyes dismissed for lack of evidence! The Temperance league was furious but to no avail. March 15, 1907 finds the license people winning by 459 to 351. A deploring article in the paper wonders why last year (that is 1906), when the town was dry, the chairman of the board of selectmen did not want job as he is also chief of police and this year with the town wet, a real fight has developed for the position. Officer Connors this year did yeoman work upholding the law and order by taking seven at one time to see the Minuteman statue but got only as far as the courthouse, says the editor. April 30, 1909: tough year starting now as town is dry and the nearest places are Boston, Lowell and Clinton. The expresses are not allowed to liquor into town either. The local W.C.T.U. celebrates its 25th anniversary. May 14, 1909 finds a new fangled license called the Interstate Express License which came from the Internal Revenue Service. Two or three corporations are being formed in town to take advantage of this. The license costs $200 and orders filled outside of the state can be delivered. Selectmen then decide to discuss the pony express licenses which they can issue. Twenty applicants appear as if by magic. This holds up the parties interested in the $200 interstate license so giving the Selectmen some authority over the situation. March 18, 1910: License wins by 61 votes: 457 to 396. The editor mentions the fact that five license plums are available with nine applying and the heat is on the Selectmen. This is the year the "bar and bottle bill" was passed by the legislature separating the first and fourth class license, so some establishments became bars and some package stores. May 13, 1910 finds the American Woolen Company again reverting to Saturday pay days as too many employees getting paid on Fridays forget to report on Saturday morning. November 18, 1910: with the increase in population, according to the census, the town finds Itself in the enviable position of being able to have a sixth license, either a first or fourth class. According to the "Bar and Bottle Bill" giving the selectmen the authority to decide which it will be. March 17, 1911: license forces win by 467 to 340 - quite a gain from the preceding year. April 14, 1911 finds the sale of the Somerset Hotel and the immediate purchase of the Maple House raise some quizzical eyebrows as to the possibility of one man running two establishments, one by proxy, which of course was denied as untrue. March 15, 1912: close vote. License wins 417 to 413. March 14, 1913: license still by 23 votes - 455 to 442. March 13, 1914: 18 votes decides town is still wet -449 to 433. March 12, 1915 finds a strong rebuke to the liquor interests in the town voting 521 to 439 against license. July 3, 1915: Being a dry year, the express is back in operation. However, the Boston & Maynard Express and the National Express Company prove to the satisfaction of of the Selectmen that their business is non-liquor and the law states that 51% be only other than liquor. February 16, 1917: No- license wins 487 to 445. February 14, 1919: License wins by twelve votes. February 13, 1920: Maynard votes license 263 to 163, but as the editor says, "the tongues are still dry in the Mill. Prohibition is here." During the First World War, on November 3, 1917, President Wilson issued a proclamation banning all liquor except beer and wine. On Nov. 11, 1917, he reduced the alcoholic content by 2-3/4% by weight. This must have compared to "Uno" Beer back in 1906. January 1919 saw the 18th amendment to the Constitution ratified by the proper amount of states, forbidding the manufacture and sale of intoxicants for beverage purposes. This to take place January 16, 1920. That was the reason for the editor's remark above about tongues in Maynard being dry. Prohibition lasted until President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's presidency - it being repealed in 1933. This period was marked, it is generally conceded, by the greatest breakdown of law and order in the history of the country - too many people ignored the law - it was unenforceable. And the little town of Maynard was no exception to this rule. We have not delved deeply into the earlier history of license - no-license in the nineteenth century in Maynard. In 1881, local option was passed by the state legislature, meaning that each community voted yearly on license - no-license. The Town Reports, until 1888, lump all cash income together, so no picture is given to us from that source as to possible license fees. Possibly Selectmen meeting minutes could clarify this prior to 1888. However, in that year the Treasurer's report indicated receipts of $1200 for six first class liquor licenses, one fourth class, $125, and two sixth class at $2.00. Expenses: % of liquor licenses to State, $381.75 and cost of liquor license blanks, $2.24. (tables reporting income from 1889 - 1895 were not transcribed) In conclusion, may I read a poem? This represents the human tragedy of so many that did not escape the Industrial Revolution in a company town (which Assabet Village and, later, Maynard was). I am indebted to Ralph Sheridan for information prior to 1893 (he really is not that old - he just happens to have available the information which I needed). The dates and edltor's remarks after 1894 refer to the Maynard News. Read at the Maynard Historical Society B.R. Koski "Caliban in the Coal Mines" by Louis Untermeyer God, we don't live to complain; We know that the mine is no lark. But, there's the pools from the rain; But, there's the cold and the dark. God, you don't know what it is You, in your well lighted sky Watching the meteors whizz; Warm, with a sun always by. God, if you had but the moon, Stuck in your cap for a lamp, Even you'd tire of it soon, Down in the dark and the damp. Nothing but blackness above And nothing that moves but the cars ... God, if you wish for our love, Fling us a handful of stars! Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: The Battle of the Bottle Description An account of the resource An account of the turbulent interplay of alcohol, the Temperance movement and Prohibition in Maynard. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1966 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.175 Alku bar Boston & Maine Concord drug store drunk Hudson jail Legislature license Methodist Church monograph Music Hall Police Department railroad selectmen temperance Templars trolley https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/c4c1d0c3a084b2e286e57404a913ec4a.pdf 4d80743a9706d641638eba66b8e9075f Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. AUTOMOBILES IN MAYNARD 23 June 1899 - A horseless carriage is expected to be landed in town in the very near future. 19 June 1903 - F. H. Harriman has exchaned his automobile for a new machine of greater horsepower. 13 Nov. 1903 - Dr. F.U. Rich has purchased a new Stanley Automobile. 12 Feb. 1904 - David Loewe had purchased a Knox automobile touring car with which he expects to do stunts next summer that will amaze the natives. 18 Mar. 1904 - Quite a few Maynard people have attended the automobile show in Boston this week. 8 Apr. 1904 - Rowland Harriman has purchased an automobile. 15 Apr. 1904 - Dr. Howard Hamblin has purchased an automobile. 5 Aug. 1904 - Charles H. Persons has purchased a fine new FORD automobile which together with his handsome new piano wagon, makes him well equipped with up-to-date vehicles. 19 Aug. 1904 -Autos owned by C.H.Persons, David Loewe, F.H. Harriman, Roland P. Harriman, and Dr. F.U. Rich in the G.A.R. parade in Concord on August 18. About 400 autos of every shape, size and make represented. 6 Oct. 1905 - C.H. Persons has purchased a new Rambling touring car. 27 Oct. 1905 - W.W. Oliver has bought an automobile from C. H. Persons. 13 Apr. 1906 - Rowland P. Harriman has bought a new Stanley touring car. 25 May 1906 - David Loewe has purchased a fine new Stanley automobile. 10 Aug. 1906 - William H. Lord had purchased a new Stanley touring automobile. 14 Sep. 1906 - J.W. Ogden has purchased a new Cadillac auto. 28 Sep. 1906 - "Maynard Auto Station"-- special prices for parties to Brockton Fair -- Tel. 3-3 12 Oct. 1906 - R.P. Harriman has purchased a new runabout auto. 30 Apr. 1909 - Wm. H. Gutteridge has purchased a new "E.M. F." AUTOMOBILE. 7 May 1909 - Dr. F.U. Rich has purchased a new Stanley automobile. 30 Apr. 1909 - F.H. Harriman, sole agent for E.M.F. automobiles for Hudson, Maynard, Berlin, Bolton, Acton and Stow. 4 cyl. 30 H.P. $1250. Advertisement. 11 Jun. 1909 - O.S. Fowler had a new E.M.F. auto sold to him by Frank H. Harriman. 18 Jun. 1909 - W.B. Case has purchased a new E.M.F. auto which is the third sold by F.H. Harriman in Maynard. 6 Aug. 1909 - Ford Auto Station, Maynard - Charles L. Ford, agent for the well-known Stanley automobile. 15 Oct. 1909 - George Hart has purchased George Hooper's automobile. Ask for auto regulations to stop speeding in town by local and out-of-town drivers. 24 Dec. 1909 - FORD and Mitchell automobiles are to be handled this coming season by the W.A. Haynes Co. and expects to do a large share of the auto business in this section. 14 Jan. 1910 - W.A. Haynes Co. selling auto in Maynard. 1st FORD arrived 3/3/10 and 1st Mitchell arrived 3/34/10. 6 May 1910 - W.A. Haynes delivered a FORD touring car to W. W. Oliver and a Mitchell touring car to W. C. Robbins of Acton. 6 May 1910 - A. Hilden purchased a Stanley auto from Charles Ford. 20 May 1910 - C.H. Persons has sold his Maxwell touring car and purchased a Buick from J. V. Gately. 27 May 1910 - Wm. Lord, Frank and Rowland Harriman have purchased Regal automobiles. 3 Jun. 1910 - Frank Loewe has purchased a Stanley auto. 17 Jun. 1910 - A small boy hit by auto driven by F.H. Harriman of Stow. Dr. Flagg found few bruises on the lad. 29 July 1910 - Howard Wilson has purchased a Mitchell from W.A. Haynes. 9 Aug. 1910 - Alonzo Mason has purchased a new Regal auto from F. H. Harriman. 30 Oct. 1913 - The walls of Coughlan's garage completed on Summer St. To sell Maxwell models. 3 Sep. 1913 - J.A. Coughlan applied for permission to build a garage at 19 Summer St. for sale of gasoline and all other articles pertaining to autos. License granted. Storage Location in the archive VF72 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chronology of early Automobiles in Maynard Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski, et. al. (presumably) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1970 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2025.147 Description An account of the resource This is a summary account of how automobiles were introduced in Maynard spanning 1899 to early 1910s Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1899-1913 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Assumed to be culled from various newspaper articles (but no supporting citations). automobile transportation https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/5a6f128a86f0a063c7c3f76f9521be01.pdf 6804055aaff37eb594b557050335fd32 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. It seems to be in the nature of human beings to want to bask in the reflected glory of some institution or illustrious person - like the the fellow that tells you as he extends his hand: "shake the hand that shook the hand of the President". So also is the case of communities that bask in the glory of a person of great renown is claimed as a native son - so also in any town is felt pride that some of the citizenry claims ancestry back to the Mayflower. In this monograph we have another instance of this pride. The following is taken verbatim from the Maynard News of February 21, 1913. The News was a weekly predecessor to the Assabet Valley Beacon. Cousin to Abraham Lincoln Mrs. Ruth Trent bore that Relationship Mrs. Ruth P. Trent of 32 Parker Street is a cousin to Abraham Lincoln. Her father was an own brother to Abraham Lincoln's Mother. Mrs. Trent will be 91 years of age on the 29th day of August and she is one of the very smart old ladies of this county and appears like one much younger than she really is. She goes about the house with the aid of the cane, but does sewing and knitting with great dexterity. She can see to thread her needle - with the aid of of spectacles, but then that is common to all ages. One of her most enjoyable occupations is the making of braided rugs. She cuts and sews the rags together without assistance and makes some very beautiful rugs, and her homie is well supplied with these articles of her own manufacture. Within the past year she has made three patchwork quilts and the work is so nicely done as to arouse the envy of many young and middle aged ladies who call themselves expert sewers. No withstanding the fact Mrs. Trent is well along toward the century mark she retains her mental faculties to a remarkable degree and is a good conversationalist. She likes to to tell stories of her younger days and remembers all the details as if but yesterday. Upon many subjects she is very interesting for she is a remarkably well posted(?) woman. She is a reader and every day she scans the daily papers for she wants to keep up with the times, and she enjoys talking over the current events with friends that call on her. Mrs. Trent is a devoted Christian, a member of the Congregational Church, and although she is now unable to attend Church Services, she highly enjoys the devotional exercises which are held with friends who call and see her. She was born in Attleboro. Her father was Minor Phillips, a well to-do farmer, who a few years after the birth of his daughter Ruth, moved to Winslow, Maine, where he remained for a number of years, then went West and later returned to Attleboro where he dies. Mrs. Phillips, Ruth's mother, died and was buried in Winslow, Maine. At the age of 30 years, Ruth married John S. Trent of London, England, an Englishman who came over to this country, and the newly married couple settled in Middlefield in this state. Four children were born to them. Anne F. and Julia A (twins), Mae and Maude, 3 of which are now living. Anne and Julia, the twins, were never married and are living in Ballarsville. Maud married James Higgins who is a resident of Maynard and proprietor of the grocery store at 5 Waltham Street. The house that Mrs. Trent lived in is the present home of Sikka and Alric French. The store James Higgins occupied was in the approximate Iocation of the United Cooperative gas station on Waltham Street. Mrs. Trent died September 5, 1918, 96 years old and is interred in Glenwood Cemetery. There were no records kept, or if kept were poorly organized, for a search of Gienwood Cemetery files disclosed a James Higgins lot: his wife Maud and her sister Julia buried in the Higgins lot but no Ruth Trent. It is a large lot adjoining the G.A.R. lot and the assumption is that that is where Abe Lincoln's cousin is buried. I'm indebted to Miss Janette Taylor for aid in this monograph. B.R. Koski - November 1964 Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Ruth Trent - Cousin to Abraham Lincoln Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.211 Description An account of the resource Mrs. Ruth Trent, 1822-1918, was a cousin to President Abraham Lincoln and a resident of Maynard for some time. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski, Janette Taylor Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-11 monograph https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/7948cdd63091eab0eb88cf84a26cd396.pdf fa9bd6473798d9dd26648ac3ea39dff5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Leafing thru the old newspapers of yesteryear week after week, year after year, the overwhelming mass of information suggests that Maynard people in their leisure hours loved that greatest of in door sports: Dancing. If it wasn't an annual ball put on by The Masons, The Cricket Club, The Caledonian Club, The Fire Department, Ancient Order of Hibernians, St. Bridget's Temperance Society, The Finnish Socialist Society, The Imatra Band, The National Band, The Maynard Brass Band, The D.Y.W.Y.K. Club, The Middlesex Club, Twilight Club, The Grange, Royal Arganum. High School Alumni Association, Foresters Of America,The Moose, The Individual Craft Unions in the Mill, International Order of Red Men, Eastern Star, Knights of Pythias, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Odd Fellows, Associated Templars, Eagles, High School Seniors, the various town baseball Associations. To repeat, if it was not one of these, it was a program and dance at other times by the same clubs. And, if this was not enough, groups of individuals would hold public dances in between. The balls generally were dress-up affairs, grand march, punch and all the associated things to go with it. Large bands from Boston and other large cities vied with local bands for the honors. One such local band which gained New England prominence, for a decade and a half, was Frank Sheridan's Orchestra. Our Frank, who was representative for us in The General Court in the mid thirties and, just now retired, Postmaster of Maynard. Another was Hughie Connors Orchestra that covered the New England circuit, also Lawton's Orchestra was also well known in the area and played for the dances and balls. The balls were held either in Music Hall, Riverside Co-operative Hall, or The New Colonial Hall after 1914. The Music Hall or the Rink as it was called generally, which burned down in 1912, was the center of so much cultural, social, and sport activities for some 30 odd years that it deserves a separate paper for our Society. Suffice to say 800 to a thousand dancers would fill Music Hall in those grand days, Descriptions of these balls fill the newspapers year in and year out. Some of the smaller dances that were held had some quaint sponsors. Names of some of these impromptu groups ran from The Jolly Five, Merry Six, Happy Sixteen to The Shirt Waist Dancers. The dances of that earlier period (from The Gay Nineties), as copied from a dance card of The Caledonian Club are as follows: Schottische, Polka, Waltz, Two Step, Shades of Gypsy Rose Lee! After that came the Charleston, Hula, Black Bottom, The Shag, Jitter Bug, Jive, Rock and Roll, (all animal dances!) And now in 1965, to cap it off are still deploring the end of civilization because of all the variations of the Twist! And it started in 1913! The Shirtwaist dance parties were called such because of the informal dress shirt and blouses for the ladies and men in suits, or in hot weather, in shirt sleeves. The animal dances mentioned above were The Turkey Trot and The Bunny Hug is the educated guess of Frank Sheridan. May 6, 1904: Maynard News reports, "The Jolly Five are to have a prize dance on the first Friday night in June." The same issue reports, "The Jolly Five dance in the Music Hall Friday night drew a large crowd and an enjoyable evening was reported." The same issue reports, "The Happy Sixteen will have a Dance and Social in Music Hall Tuesday eve. May 10. Cartwrights Orchestra will play and a good time is assured. The Club consists of: Margaret Murphy, Margaret Dineen, Bessie Mahoney, Mae Carpenter, Mamie Dineen, Tessie Owens, Mamie Kelly, Minnie Cullinane, Annie Burke, Hellie Punch, Katie Young, Alice Manoney, Mamie Driscoll, and Inez Scully." Two of the sixteen must have found their man at the previous dance for only fourteen names are listed among these Finnish colleens. June 24, 1904: Maynard News reports, "Collins Orchestra furnished excellent music at the dance given by The Jolly Five in Coop Hall Wednesday night, which was well attended. There is no doubt that with a few engagements the local orchestra can give as good satisfaction as can be desired by the public." The same issue reports, "'A large party was in attendance at The Shirtwaist party given by St. Bridget's Temperance Society in Music Hall Saturday night. The Society will have another of their popular Shirtwaist parties in Music Hall Tomorrow night. Cartwirght's Orchestra will play. And so on up to November 14, 1913 Maynard News where-in is reported the following: "At the Selectmens' meeting Wednesday eve, it was decided that the objectionable dances which have been involved in the dance halls in this village must be stopped. All parties holding dances in the future will be notified that these objectionable and so-called animal dances are prohibited and must not be permitted in any dance hall in this municipality. This action is the opening of a vigorous campaign to suppress these objectionable forms of dance and Rev. Walter J. Browne, Father Sheehan, and other clergymen of the town, as well as a large percentage of the men and women are in sympathy with this movement and will sustain the selectmen in this action for a cleaner and better Maynard." (End of news article.) Frequently there was a prize Waltz at these dances. One such instance remembered by James Farrell was a dance held by St, Bridget's Temperance Society at Riverside Coop Hall. This has remained vivid in his mind for over half a century for an excellent reason.Two couples tied for first place: Jim Ryan (present sealer of weights) and Clarabelle Warren (his future wife), and Jim Farrell and (guess who?) Mamie Driscoll of "Happy Sixteen fame! I am indebted to Miss Mamie Driscoll, James Farrell and Frank Sheridan for additional information for this paper. I must also add it is absolutely fascinating to read about an individual or event which happened fifty or sixty years ago and then call the same individual up on the telephone today to verify or amplify on those events. In the case of Miss Driscoll, was one of the original members of the "Happy Sixteen", the voice that came over the phone was no more than a Happy Sixteen. All in all, philosophically stated, the home made enjoyments, be it dances, Minstrel shows, Dramatics, Glee Clubs, what-not, of yesteryear gave much more pleasure than the canned culture of today that is fed to us. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Dance Organizers Description An account of the resource In the days before the canned entertainment of radio and television, people created their own diversions - and dances were immensely popular. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger Koski? Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1968 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Mamie Driscoll Frank Sheridan James Farrell Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.260 club dance dance hall entertainment monograph Music Hall orchestra selectmen https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/a49976207b09d423aedee44722d7d6f3.pdf 0fc8b5f0ca286e1a4f6e09760379713a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. The Swedish people have been a minor part of the population in Maynard. We do not know when they first arrived in Maynard but assume that it was during the 1890's. The reason for this assumption is that our first news note in the Maynard News about swedes is dated April 1, 1904 telling us that a Sunday School has been organized at the home of John Nordberg. It takes a few years for any group to grow sufficiently to be able to organize, so the 1890's sounds like a good educated guess. Sometime Just before 1913 the Hamar Lodge #126 of Scandinavian Brotherhood was organized. It had in its membership also some Norwegians and Danes. The membership at its peak was about 140, includIng those from surrounding towns of Maynard. July 9, 1915 the lodge held its first semi-annual meeting. Officers were: President Charles E. Ekstadt, Vice-president Sanfrid Swanson, Overseer Carl Emanuelson, Marshall Mrs. Bernt Anderson, Assistant Marshall Mrs. Hulda McGlean, Recording Secretary Richard Swanson, Assistant Recording Secretary Esther Emanuelson, Financial Secretary Richard Johnson, Treasurer Bernt Anderson, Inside Guard Ernest Johnson, Outside Guard Oscar Johnson. The membership at this time was around 50. January 26, 1917 at Odd Fellows Hall they elected the following officers: Charles Ekstadt, Richard Swanson, Rindi Johnson, Elin Swanson, Ernest Johnson, Carl Emanuelson, Girard Johnson, Sanford Johnson, Richard Johnson, Bennett Anderson. Marlus Rocko and Claude Nelson. This fraternal benefit society weakened through the years so sometime in the latter 1930's it joined forces with the Lindberg Lodge of Waltham. Religious services were held by the Swedish Lutheran Congregation monthly in the vestry of the Finnish Lutheran Church In 1915. The Ladies' Sewing Circle of the congregation held a bazaar in the same church December 2, 1913. The mainstream of American life absorbed the energies of the sons and daughters of the immigrants, so as with all of the ethnic groups, the Swedes as a national distinct group has disappeared. All dates from the Maynard News, Hugo Emanuelson furnished the general information. Paper read at the April 1969 meeting of the Maynard Historical Society by Birger R. Koski. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: The Swedish People in Maynard Description An account of the resource A short account of Swedish people in Maynard. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Birger R. Koski Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969-04 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.194 ethnic groups monograph Swedish https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/fcf598427a92b7d049dcf1a86a3dba11.jpg 644608d8b0d1eda83574dde86f90bee1 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/b676cc6d75b9767bf7f50cf48f065b7d.jpg 1163c6b273e72210263aca70fe28c4f9 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/58e863c4b625b23f53ee947a7d11caa6.jpg 82a52f4333f5c68514feb944368dda5a Artifact A physical object that is not a document, photograph, or other media. Materials Paper envelop with pads of agent; 3 x 5 in. Condition An assessment of the condition of the artifact. Poor Storage Location in the archive VF43 Concord Folder Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bluine The Great Washing Bluing and Purifier Description An account of the resource A packet of bluing used to whiten clothes. It was manufactured in Concord Junction at 30 Beharrell St. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1900 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norman O'Neill Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1999.240 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bluing Manufacturing Co. Concord Junction, Mass. bluing Junction soap washing https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/49b63063570a5030bdb00a04dbaf01e2.jpg 3a165603361e32f4e7f51dc75f0befef Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo print. Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 5" x 8". Storage Location in the archive Unknown Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mill Clock Tower Description An account of the resource A black and white photo of the Mill Clock Tower. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bob LaPree. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1979 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Bob LaPree. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023.478 Mill Clock Tower https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/0568b883ff5161846874f021cd8ff224.jpg e700125ff682951dcd118a1dc1ad2060 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo note card. Storage Location in the archive PB52 SU18-2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mill Clock Tower Description An account of the resource Two note cards depicting the Maynard Mill clock tower. Design is by Light Dance Images, by Bonnie McGrath, Acton, MA. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2014.98 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bonnie McGrath of Light Dance Images, Acton, MA. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Two Paper, 5 x 7 in., photo note cards. Subject The topic of the resource Mill Clock Tower. Clock Tower McGrath Mill Town Clock https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/d31de04a31e7e1d5d5fa6534451a8c35.jpg 274698d808604054d3ceb712950c1521 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/6f5544a3ada8736558ac3415076d6aef.jpg b2fb8b3ff9a7d36cb8f829bfa6338840 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/e153faf1ae06d5b06393de20a4b9347f.jpg 086b902d2011e4bd59c590517a15ed08 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Hardcovered Book, 7 x 9 1/2 ins.; 130 pages Storage Location in the archive SU12-4 Back right Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Herbarium and Plant Descriptions - 1899 Description An account of the resource A collection of 62 pressed plants (flower, stem, leaf, seed} with their descriptions, all found in Maynard. The plants where collected between April 22 and June 10, 1899. Shown is Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Book designed by Edward T. Nelson Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1899 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2021.513 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Allyn and Bacon Boston book botany plant https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/17507c5d7ed86919b7c8724df9443d30.JPG a1dfef41fde7c2222f1f75d7994f2942 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/837f546b6d3a8c1933fc65f3a3d9b8de.JPG 265d69e55c8cc0187549f10f8fd3caed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clubs/Societies Description An account of the resource This collection depicts some of the many social organizations that have existed since Maynards inception. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection Manager (Maynard Historical Society) Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. I.O.O.F. Social Club of Maynard, Mass. stamp Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 5 x 7.5 hardcover (cloth) book, 326 pages. Storage Location in the archive SU12-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miss Gibbie Gault Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bosher, Kate Langley, 1865-1932 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1916 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by George & Barbara Robinson, 12/11/2011. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.625 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available A. L. Burt Company Description An account of the resource Book was the property of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Maynard, Massachusetts. This edition contains the inscription: "Miss Clara Binks, Christmas 1916". book Odd Fellows https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/a8649bf6d11875b847ac7ab424380a1e.jpg 2402a1a9e20314a7c7a1fef6d969087d https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/bffa9293f83c3349cdfdc9ee4c4db028.jpg b62806a7bad3de19c878eff37ea2faaa Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper, 11 x 17 in. Storage Location in the archive DB8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Boston and Maine Railroad Systems Local Class Freight Tariffs Description An account of the resource A railroad issued chart of the cents of freight per 100 lbs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boston & Maine Railroad Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2016.365 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/c2d77d21b1e0d2c9ac76431bf5959762.jpg 62436c4b27cd623a2d8064d073f177b9 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper. Storage Location in the archive VF54 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1999.1794 Title A name given to the resource Silver Jubilee of St. Bridget's Church - 1919. Description An account of the resource A Boston Globe clipping of an article about the Silver (25th) Jubilee of the founding of St. Bridget's Church, January 1919. Rev. J. Albert Crowley, Rev. William F. McGrail, and Rev. john J. Sweeney(Curate of St. Bridget), Rev. Edward F. Crowley(Rector St. Bridget) participated. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Joseph Kugima. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boston Globe. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1919-01 religion https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/1791970f60d8fb18809a07b3a28686dd.jpg 1f87041ecfe1cdf1dd6ef7d3599b5182 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Paper, 3.5 x 7.5 in. Storage Location in the archive DB6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource William Joyce Description An account of the resource A newspaper clipping showing Mr. William Joyce of Maynard as Paul Revere. He is pictured upon a horse ready for the annual April 19th re-enactment. The article is from the Boston Globe dated April 20, 1974. Mr. Joyce is a member of the National Lancers. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boston Globe. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-04-20 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Elizabeth Schnair. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1999.1175 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/84d4cce85f807a5f62128880cd19f498.jpg 4fd285f56a9169e6f7a293166dba393e Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 4 x 6 in. Storage Location in the archive VF100 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Roosevelt School Report Card - 1921 Description An account of the resource The sixth grade report card of Eino Nyholm, 1921-22, when he attended the Roosevelt School. The teacher was Mabel T. Bliss. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boston Index Card Co. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1921 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2017.119 Roosevelt School