118 20 8493 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/037dbd26a8ebc1fd87995f65fd510def.jpg cc9a456977414924a6f9f25cf3c39c95 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/c740a8f26db460fe6ed57794069c801e.jpg 688997e7c7a0733f95e65a006e57e51b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Postcards Description An account of the resource The MHS Postcard Collection is one of the best, and possibly most entertaining, way of looking into the history of the Town. Each postcard is a little cultural time capsule. Most contain images of the day -- often events and scenes that you wouldn't consider postcard material today. Many of our donated postcards show the correspondence of the times - short dispatches from our town across the decades. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dave Griffin (Maynard Historical Society) Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Postcard Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 3.5 x 5.5 in. Storage Location in the archive PB85 SU11-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summer Festival in Maynard - 1913 Description An account of the resource A postcard photo of Bowman reading parade instructions from the stairs of Taisto Hall (Parker Street Hall). It is dated July 1913. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource R. Kautto Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1913-07 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Roy Helander translated the front wording on the postcard. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.150 Finnish Parker Street Hall postcard https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/002a1cdce81eaf38cd27d45d49e80673.jpg 44a5820d6371bc37a1b36686e5d375dd Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographic Print - 3x5 in Storage Location in the archive PB81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023.411 Title A name given to the resource MFD Divers on Scene Description An account of the resource Divers involved in rescue/recovery operations in Concord. 1. ?? (in boat) 2. ?? (in water) 3. ?? (in boat) 4. Ted Clancey (last in boat) 5. ?? (in water) 6. ?? (in water) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource R. Kruerkower Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographic Print Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1960 Fire Department https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/61a2c8c33b9df356504df02b157d367d.jpg 336ae5d995b733e615c81104ff35d18e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photographic Print - 3x5 in Storage Location in the archive PB81 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023.412 Title A name given to the resource MFD Divers on Scene Description An account of the resource MFD divers participating in underwater rescue/recovery operations in Concord. Concord Fire Chief, Thomas Tombeno; MFD Firefighter/Diver Ted Clancy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource R. Kruerkower Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Photographic Print Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1960 Relation A related resource See: 2023.411 Fire Department https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/9faecb38da0df48f17543443880ddd02.jpg 0a3652face270c68159355c04f970497 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photo print Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image. 8 x 10 in. Storage Location in the archive PB38 SU18-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Boston & Maine Engine and Crew - early 1900's Maynard, Mass. Description An account of the resource Standing near the Boston & Maine Railroad Station (Railroad Street block is visible in the rear). Third from left is George Salisbury, Maynard Station Agent. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1999.536 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource R.J. Keep (East Jaffrey, NH) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Donated by Mr. And Mrs. Ralph Whitney Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1900 railroad railroad station train transportation https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/556794c0c77f18a58cbd36ae6eba3ee8.jpg a661c1b55f7bbef660539ca6c06f6556 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/a44a9594a52c912492c8f28623195969.jpg 5bc0c4b07eccc95c7fe076437d60acb0 https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/28b9fff5a5c73687fcdcaa6cc898ad6e.jpg aaba19c81c5381718003ef8114413361 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clubs/Societies Description An account of the resource This collection depicts some of the many social organizations that have existed since Maynards inception. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Collection Manager (Maynard Historical Society) Artifact A physical object that is not a document, photograph, or other media. Materials Metal, individual plaque - 3 x 3 ins; Thirty One plaques Duplicate Colledtion: 1990-2002; 2007-2008; 2016-2017; Nineteen Condition An assessment of the condition of the artifact. Excellent Storage Location in the archive AB20 SU4-3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2021.144 2021.145 2025.512 1999.3055 1999.3056 1999.3057 1999.3058 Title A name given to the resource Dash Plaques Maynard Area Auto Club Description An account of the resource Souvenir plaques of the various MAAC Autofest - Shine and Swap events; from 1989 through 2017 (no 2012, rainout). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Jack Malcolm Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rallye Productions, Inc. Waukesha, WI Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1989-2017 automobile club dash MAAC Maynard Area Auto Club plaque https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/d36c142216d49493c398cb1565b63fe0.pdf 747409aee36d72b68a1cb765e173eba2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. THE ASSABET RIVER by Ralph L. Sheridan The Assabet River, winding its way through the north central part of the town is a prominent feature of the natural beauty of the town. It enters Maynard by Russell's bridge (formerly "Dr, Wood's bridge") and passes along what may be termed the smaller Pompositticut Hill (now Assabet Heights) to the "Ben Smith Dam". At this point the waters have been turned into an artificial channel and conducted to the Mill Pond, which helps make fine village scenery, It continues on from the dam, passing the large Pompositticut Hill (now Summer Hill) thence through the center of the town and exits at the Acton town line. The name Assabet(1) is taken from the Indian "Algonkin" language and means the place where materials for making fish nets grows". There was considerable question concerning the correct spelling of the name "Assabet". It appears in the early records variously as Isabaeth, Elsabeth, Assabaeth, and otherwise(2). It is generally believed to have been something approximately Its present spelling, however, and to have been given the more anglicized spelling merely because of the difficulty the early settlers had in understanding the Indians(3). Also, at times it has been known as Elzabeth, Elzebet, Elzibeth, Elisabeth and Elizabeth. On an old map of Sudbury by Mathias Mosman, bearing date of April 17, 1795, and made by the authority of that town in obedience to an order from the General Court of June 26, 1794, the name is spelled "Elsabeth". In a note explanatory of the map is the following statement by the author: "The rivers are also accurately surveyed and planned; the river "Elsabeth" is from four to five rods wide, but there is no public bridge over the river where it Joins Sudbury". On a map of Sudbury by William H. Wood, published in I830, the name is spelled "Elizabeth". But, although the river has at times been called by what has sounded like an English word it is not probable that this was its original name, On the contrary, the evidence is that "Elizabeth" or "Elzibet" and similar ones are corruptions of the Indian word "Assabet" or "Assabaeth". At a date prior to the use of the name "Elzibeth", Elzibet", etc., as before given, the terms "Asibath" and "Isabaeth" were used. When the lands south of the Assabet River were being laid out and proportioned to the settlers about the year 1650, the farm of William Brown is spoken of as being in the northwest angle beyond the "Asibath River", and in the Colony Records, Vol. Ill, 225, with date May 22, I651, is the statement that "Captain Willard and Leutenant Goodenow are appointed to lay out the thousand acres of land at "Isabaeth", which Jethro the Indian mortgaged to Herman Garrett. Another matter of consideration is that the tributary which flows into the Assabet River Just above Russell's Bridge near the old "Whitman Place" t was early known as Assabet Brook. It has thus been designated by tradition and document, and the term has come down to the present notwithstanding that the terms "Elzabeth", etc., have been applied to the river. We consider it, then, fairly established that the river, the locality and also the brook were called by the Indian name. The words "Elsabeth", "Elizabeth", etc., may have crept into use as corruptions of the original Indian name, and the mapmakers doubtless took the name that was popularly used. It Is probable that the Indians would have a name for a stream of such size, and also that the settlers would call it by the same name. The river was standardized as "Assabet" in I85O. The river, which is approximately thirty miles long. originates in a swamp in the town of Westborough, about three miles south of Route 9, and flows northerly to Northborough and then northeasterly through the townships of Marlborough, Berlin, Hudson, Stow, Maynard, the southerly corner of Acton, and then into Concord. In Concord it Joins with the Sudbury River to form the Concord River, which in turn continues in a northeasterly direction to its confluence with the Merrimac River at Lowell, and thence on to the Atlantic Ocean at Newburyport. The drainage area of the Assabet River is approximately 177 square miles and lies within the limits of eighteen townships. It has numerous tributaries. The basin has considerable amount of industry, Originally the industrial development was located near the river for the purpose of obtaining water power. Its commercial and residential counterparts were located near the mills because of lack of transportation. Consequently large communities such as Maynard were developed which now serve as the central hub for the supply of goods and services to the expanding residential area. Few streams in so short alength have provided the power for so many dissimilar uses. In the middle nineteenth century the river in Assabet Village turned the wheels of a woolen mill, near the center of the village where some of the finest woolen woolen of American were made; Just below the center a paper mill which at one time furnished the material for one of the daily newspapers of New England; and where the river leaves the town a powder mill, which manufactured powder for military and commercial purposes. The building of the Ben Smith Dam*' by Knight and Maynard made it possible to use the river above the dam as a recreation area. From May I906 to early 1920's motor boats carried passengers on the river to and from Lake Boone which had also been created in the 1840's by the building of an earthen dam above the river at Gleasondale (Stow). By most standards the Assabet River is normally an Indolent and sometimes very sluggish stream; but during flood times it has rampaged and exhibited the fury of many alarger stream creating flood conditions and causing tremendous damage. Notes: 1 - Official Program - Town of Northborough -200th Anniversary - 1966 2 - Records of Mass. Bay, III, 225. 3- Hudson's "Annals of Sudbury, Wayland & Maynard, 1891" Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: The Assabet River Description An account of the resource A short review on the Assabet River, the origins and variations of its name, and how it was intertwined in Maynard's early history. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.178 Assabet Assabet River monograph river https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/c50801c695af1f0e22a129ce21aebbed.pdf ba2f08e45c6fe3128a30e0856ab9040c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. THE IRISH PEOPLE IN MAYNARD The Irish were not long after the English and the Scotch in settling in the little village of Assabet. The building of the carpet mill by Maynard and Knight in 1846 attracted many of this nationality, and by 1850 there were more than fifty in the village, At first, most of them settled around what is now upper Main Street, Spring Lane and Pine Street. The closest Catholic church to the village was St. George's Parish in Saxonvllle and these early settlers had to journey there, many of them on foot, for religious ministrations. Beginning in I850, and for the next fourteen years, Father George A. Hamilton came to the village to celebrate Mass. It is believed the first Mass was said in the home of Cornelius Cleary, and on later visits in the homes of Mr. Farrell, Mr. O'Donnell, Mr. McManus, Mr. Crowley and Mrs. Roache, all on upper Main Street. On one occasion, Mass was said in the open air on an improvised altar in the shelter of a large tree. By 1857. the number had increased and it was necessary to hire Union Hall on the corner of Summer and Main Streets for religious services. In 1865, the first Catholic Church in Assabet Village was built at what is now 200 Main Street, and in January 1871, the year the town of Maynard was incorporated, the Catholic community of the town became St. Bridget's Parish. In 1884, the present St. Bridget's Church was dedicated. In September 1965. St. Bridget's Parochial School was opened at the beginning of the school year. Four male members of the parish entered the priesthood and six young ladies have become members of religious orders. Like the other ethnic groups, the Irish organized their own societies and clubs. On June 1, I890, St. Bridget's Temperance Society was instituted with thirty-nine members in the basement of St. Bridget's Church. J. Albert Crowley, who later became a priest, was elected President, Michael P. Mullin, Vice-President, John E. Hannon and James J. Hilferty, Secretaries, and James J. Mullin, Treasurer. The first meetings were held in a tenement house at the foot of Spring Lane, but after six months, the society moved to the Riverside Co-operative Building, In 1902, it moved to larger quarters in Music Hall. The organization lasted until 1911. In July l899, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, Division 44, was instituted at Riverside Co-operative Hall, with John Moynihan the first President. This was a fraternal benefit society of men of Irish birth or descent. Meetings were held at Hibernian Hall, now the United Co-operative Building on Main Street. This society went out of existence in the early 1920's. A Ladies' Auxiliary of Division 44 was instituted November 3, 1905, with Margaret McCarthy the first President. This group held meetings at Hibernian Hall, Riverside Hall, Masonic Hall, and Knights of Columbus Hall. The last big event of the auxiliary before its demise was the thirty-fourth anniversary dinner in 1939. The people of Irish origin and descent have played a prominent part in the history of Assabet Village and the town of Maynard. Of the thirty-six men who enlisted from Assabet Village in the Civil War, thirteen at least were Irish; while a large share of those from Maynard serving in all wars were of the same ethnic group. They have been well represented in the field of athletics, and have played an important role in town government from the incorporation of the town to the present. Storage Location in the archive Maynard Monographs Binder (red) SU9-4 1 additional copy plus 1 condensed version VF53 SU29-5 St. Bridget's Parish - Historical Info - (2 of 14) folder Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: The Irish People in Maynard Description An account of the resource A review of the Irish community's arrival and impact on the Town of Maynard. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1968 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.188 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource white typewritten paper 8.5 x 11 in. (3 pages) ethnic groups Irish monograph Saint Bridget Church https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/4616066ab0af3d0c2b7fd0b066384adf.pdf 2181d976c7452a1047d44c06004c5c07 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. At the time the earliest colonists settled this territory, they had to adopt the modes of travel and ways of getting from place to place of their predecessors and new neighbors, the Indians. These were first -- and generally -- to walk on their own stout legs; second to go where-ever they could by water, in boats. The Indians had dim narrow moccasin paths in many places through the woods. These were quite often the trails of wild animals. Narrow streams could be crossed on natural ford-ways or on rude bridges of fallen trees. But, these Indian trails or animal paths would not long suffice for the practical needs of the people, Bridle paths were cut through the forest from one homestead to another, and connecting them all, more or less, by one great road, directly with the meeting house and the grist mills. Hay had to be drawn from the meadows, and for this a road must be made. Paths had to be opened to outlying lands. After the period of walking, nearly all Iand travel for a century was on horseback. Women and children usually rode on a pillion behind a man. A "pillion" was a padded cushion with straps which sometimes had on one side a sort of platform stirrup. The "horse-block", a large stone was used that the women might safely alight. One way of progress which would help four persons ride part of their journey was what was called the "ride-and-tie" system. Two of the four persons who were traveling started on their road on foot, two mounted on the saddle and pillion, rode about a mile, dismounted, tied the horse and walked on. When the two who had started on foot reached the waiting horse, they mounted, rode on past the other couple for a mile or so, dismounted, tied the horse and walked on. The inland transportation of freight was carried on by pack-horses. Long distant grists were brought to the mill in rude two-wheeled carts or on horseback. Later, ox-teams were used for heavy trucking and carting. The oxen were also used for plowing and rough hard work. Wood, heavy goods and lumber was often transported by floating rafts on the rivers. The settlers commonly rode horse-back, and later maybe the very fashionable had a chaise, but wagons had not appeared and the roads were not good enough for them. New roads were made by "all able-bodied males between sixteen and sixty years", who were required to give one (or more) day's labor on the town way, and another day's work, or more, toward a "King's Highway", or Great Road. Penalty for non-compliance was usually set at five shillings per day "”an enormous sum in those times. Just prior to the Revolutionary War, the means of transportation between towns and cities was by stage wagon. In 1783, the stage wagon operating on the Turnpikes was a rectangular box, mounted on springs, containing four seats to accommodate eleven passengers and the driver. It had a top with side curtains. There were no backs to the seats. There was no side entrance. One had to climb over the passengers in front. As time went on, they became known as stage-coaches. In 1827, the Traveller's Register reported eight hundred stage-coaches arriving and leaving Boston each week. One of the interesting and outstanding features of most old New England towns is the provision made for the entertainment of visitors and guests. It is stated that one could find a tavern or inn at a distance of not over one mile. These taverns were reached by stage-coach and could accommodate the stage-coach driver, as well as a change of horses. Every Inn had a name, usually painted on its swinging sign-board. The names were simply a repetition of old English tavern signs, until the Revolutionary days, when patriotic landlords eagerly invented and adopted new names and signs. The scarlet coat of King George became the blue and buff of George Washington; the eagle of the United States took the place of the British lion. A line of stage-coaches from Boston to Lancaster made regular stops at the Rice Tavern, located at the Junction of "New Lancaster Road" (now known as Puffer Road) and Old Marlboro and Concord Great Road (This property was purchased from Benjamin Crane of Stow in I685 and was used as a tavern until 1815. For many years it was used as a farmhouse by Jonathan Vose and his brother.) (The house was torn down by the United States Government during World War II, as it came within the boundary of the ammunition depot. The foundation is still there.) When the "Ben Smith" bridge was built in 1616, Great Road was opened to traffic and two stage-coaches going each way passed over the road daily. About 1816, Levi Smith ran a tavern at what was later known as the Aaron Thompson or William Eveleth house on Great Road now occupied by the Robert Mayes family). This was one of several along the "Great Road" for the accommodation of travelers between Boston and Fitchburg, and where the stage-coaches made regular stops. Another stage-coach made regular trips from Lowell to Framingham, passing through this territory. Communications with Boston and larger places was slow and difficult. Merchandise had to be hauled by means of ox or horse teams. All Internal commerce between city and country necessitated stage-coaches and teams of every description, and on all main roads might be seen four and eight and ten horse drawn wagons conveying merchandise to and from the city. As a matter of necessity, the taverns and hostelries were numerous and generally well patronized. The building of the Marlboro Branch of the Fitchburg Railroad in 1849 marked an important era for Assabet Village. It also marked the beginning of the end for stage-coaches. Originally chartered as the Lancaster and Sterling Railroad, the land was acquired June 6, 1846, but construction was not started until after it was acquired by the Fitchburg Railroad, which had been chartered in 1843. Entering the village at the north side from Acton, and crossing through the village near the center at a southwesterly angle. The location of the railroad was a matter of considerable machinations of those who were straining to route it through their backyard, so to speak, and those who deemed it a dirty and noisy nuisance, filling the air with clamor and soot and scaring valuable horses. The operators of stage lines fought the new railroads. One man who had very large Interests in the stage-coach business, a man of great influence, a "General Holman", was bitterly opposed to the railroad. But the stage-coach was passing as all methods of transportation do, only to be replaced by some new method. And, so the Marlboro branch was laid from the main line in South Acton, through Assabet Village, Stow and Hudson and Marlboro. The ''Iron Horse" put the stage drivers out of business. The first station in town was near the Sudbury Street crossing. When a new station was built on Main Street (now the site of Gately's Service station) the first station became a freight house and remained so until a few years ago, when the property was sold and a gasoline station erected near the site. (Now the Humble Oil Company). Amory Maynard was one of the prime movers in securing the right of way, and was given a life pass over the railroad, He was appointed station agent, whlch position he held (in his name) for about forty years. As many as twenty-four trains per day ran through the town, and long freight trains hauling coal and materials to the woolen mills. Trains ran on an hourly schedule in each direction, to and from Boston, from early morning until late at night. Passenger and freight service was excellent until the 1920's. The automobiles and trucks were making serious inroads and the number of trains gradually reduced. Passenger service was discontinued beyond Maynard April 29, 1939. Freight service stopped shortly afterwards and the tracks removed from Maynard to Hudson. The last passenger train in and out of Maynard to South Acton was in the evening of May 16, 1958. It was a sad occasion for many who had lived with the train running in and out of Maynard every day of their lives, To them nothing quite equalled the excitement of a steam locomotive coming into the station. A diesel engine now makes daily hauls of freight to and from Maynard, to take care of the needs of the Maynard Industries (formerly the American Woolen Company mills.) As the horse and buggy age drew to a close -- while the automobile was still a novelty -- New England went through the electric car era. In August 1901, the Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street Railway company, with headquarters in Maynard, began operations. On August 18, 1901, the first electric car was seen on the streets of Maynard, when an open car was run from the carbarn on Great Road to the Boston and Maine Railroad crossing on Main Street, dragged across the railroad tracks and re-railed on the opposite side. The following morning temporary tracks were laid across the Assabet River bridge on Main Street, and the car was run across. At 1 P.M. on August 19, 1901, a trial trip was made to Concord Junction to connect with the part of the line operating between Concord Junction and Concord. By late August the road was completed between Hudson and Concord and on October 1, 1901 a regular schedule operating. The line connected at Wood Square, Hudson, with lines of the Worcester Consolidated Street Railway and the Boston and Worcester Street Railway. Also, at Monument Square, Concord, with the Lexington Street Railway. It was possible to ride almost any place in the country by "trolley car" on connecting lines. On May 8, 1900, the Lowell, Acton and Maynard Street Railway company was incorporated to build a line from Maynard through Acton, Westford, Carlisle and Chelmsford to connect with the Lowell city system. Nothing was done until late 1901 when the Lowell, Acton and Maynard Street railway, by then under the Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street railway petitioned for an extension of its charter and right to build from Maynard through Sudbury to Framingham. In May 1903, the Lowell, Acton and Maynard began construction of a line from the Concord, Maynard and Hudson line in Maynard at Main and Nason Streets, extending up Nason, through Acton, Haynes and Brown Streets to the Boston and Maine Railroad crossing at South Acton. September 18, I903, the first car ran over this line. In 1909, a line was laid from South Acton to West Acton and the first car over the line was on September 2, 1909. For nearly a year the line between Maynard and West Acton was operated in two sections -- cars running between Maynard and the south end of the South Acton bridge -- and between the north end of the bridge and West Acton. Passengers had to travel the fifty yard gap on foot. On August 15, 1910 cars were running across the bridge. In 1911 the idea of completion of the line to Lowell was given up. United States mail was carried on the electric cars between Concord Junction and Gleasondale. Freight service was never used. Before World War years the ride between Concord and Hudson was a pleasant one, the cars running along what was then tree-lined roads. On warm summer nights the open cars were crowded and every car was out on the line. Everyone shopped on Saturday nights in those days. Maynard, known chiefly as a shopping center, was in the days before prohibition an "oasis of refreshment" in a desert of no license: Concord, Acton and Stow. Thus, while the men visited the emporiums the women shopped at the many stores in the center of the town; all returning home with their purchases on the last "trolley" for the day. In July 1902, the Board of Railroad Commissioners issued a permit to the Boston and Western Electric Railroad to construct a high speed electric line between Marlboro and Waltham, with a branch line from South Sudbury to Maynard to join up with the Concord, Maynard and Hudson line at Main and Walnut Streets. (The) Plan was dropped when the Selectmen would not go along with the proposal to enter Maynard by way of North Sudbury, coming down McKinley Street to Walnut Street to the Concord, Maynard and Hudson line at Main Street. The Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street Railway prospered until 1917. They found it necessary to ask for financial help from the towns served by the line, but did not meet with success. On January 25, 1918, a disastrous fire destroyed the carbarn and practically all rolling stock, severely crippling the line. For more than a year they operated with borrowed equipment. The automobile was then becoming the major method of conveyance. The electric line hung on until 1921 when it was forced into the receiver's hands on December 20. They continued to run at a loss and on January l6, 1923 the Superior Court ordered the line to cease operating immediately. The rolling stock was sold in February 1923, and the tracks, poles and wires were sold on September 17, 1923, and dismantled. (Some of the tracks could be seen until quite recently at the corner of Nason and Acton Streets. It is my belief that the rails have been removed completely from the Main Street; but they still exist on Nason Street.) The power station on Great Road was sold to the Polish Catholics and is today St. Casimir's Church. The carbarn was used for several years by the Lovell Bus Lines, Inc. Later by the Raytheon Company and at present by the Atkins & Merrill, Inc. The house formerly occupied by the superintendent of the street railway is now a two family house at 67 and 67a Great Road, The Woburn and Reading Bus Company, John F. Lovell of Woburn the owner, moved right into the town on Friday, January 19, 1923 with a large bus and began irregular trips from Maynard to South Acton and return. On Monday, January 22, (they) began a regular schedule on an hourly basis. After permanent franchises had been obtained from the five towns Lovell started bus service over the old Concord, Maynard and Hudson line, following the present Route 62 the entire distance. Buses to Concord began on February 26, and to Hudson on March 23. This they later extended to Arlington Heights and to Clinton and Leominster. By 1954 the Lovell Bus Line was out of business and service between Maynard and Concord only taken over by the Middlesex and Boston Street Railway, which is now a part of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. At the state election November 8, 1966, the citizens of Maynard voted two to one (1951 to 931) to join with the M.B.T.A, for which the town of Maynard is annually assessed a share of the operating costs with thirty-nine other cities and towns served by the M.B.T.A. Although the Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street Railway has been out of business for more than forty years many traces of the old lines, in addition to the power-house, carbarn and superintendent's house remain. Also, traces of the Boston and Maine Railroad from Great Road to the Stow line. Both the Boston and Main Railroad and the Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street Railway performed a vital transportation service in the towns for many many years. They failed because the lure of the private automobile was too great for the patrons who deserted these lines for their own cars. The "Iron Horse" and the "trolley cars" were no match for the "horseless carriage". And without financial support from the towns presently served the bus line may soon follow suit. Perhaps, I should add a postscript and say that for a number of years we also had motor boat service up and down the river from Maynard to Lake Boone. (This has been written in a separate monograph.) Credits: The Maynard Enterprise Hudson's "Annals of Sudbury, Wayland and Maynard Crowell's "History of Stow" Gutteridge's A Brief History of Maynard Birger Koski O.R, Cummings "Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street Railway" W.P.Currier, Passenger Traffic Mgr., Boston and Maine R.R. Note: Unable to transcribe 3 handwritten notes. TBD. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Transportation Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.202 Description An account of the resource A review of various forms of transportation and how they conveyed residents of Maynard, including walking, horseback, stage-coaches, steam trains, electric trolleys, busses and, finally, the automobile. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1967 Amory Maynard Ben Smith Bridge Boston & Maine bridge bus horse horse and buggy Lovell Lovell Bus railroad railway stagecoach tavern train transportation trolley turnpike https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/01ec6e52e7b7eb55b512a8fd60317f46.pdf c85c5aa842825918a9bbb49e0fa155f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. A group of young men from Maynard organized the Middlesex Club in 1910, It was to be a social club and a cottage was hired in the section known as the second basin of Lake Boone. Joseph P. Dineen was the first President, Other members were William Stockwell, Cornelius Callahan, Thomas Maley, Eden Tobin, William Tobin, Vincent Sweeney, Harold Higgins, James Priest, Clifford Whitney, John Punch, Michael Lynch, Joseph Kaler and Daniel Lowney. Dancing parties were held by the club in Music Hall every Wednesday evening. The first annual concert and ball sponsored by the club on Tuesday evening, January 3, 1913 at Riverside Cooperative Hall, with music by Collin's orchestra of Marlboro. Seventy couples attended. The grand march was led by Mr. Joseph P. Dineen and Miss Annie McCarron. A catered supper was served by Mr. and Mrs. Fred Heyward. The club disbanded in 1918 because almost the entire membership was in the Armed forces on account of World War I. An interesting sidelight: The club refused to pay rent because owner would not provide screens. A sheriff attached the box office at one of the dances, but got nothing because the club had been "tipped off" and withdrew all receipts before the sheriff arrived. The owner took the case to court and lost because Judge Keyes ruled "they could not live at Lake Boone without screens". Prepared by Ralph L. Sheridan - April 1965 (credit given to Joseph P. Dineen and the Maynard News) Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Middlesex Club Description An account of the resource An account of a short-lived social club that formed in 1910 and was disbanded 8 years later because nearly all of the members were fighting in World War I. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-04 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.213 club Middlesex Club monograph https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/5feb011b627eeee17185c837389e30b7.pdf 0b3576b33aa32f614db5eab697a793e6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. The Twilight Club of Maynard was organized in 1904 by a group of young men of St. Bridget's Temperance Society, Maynard, Mass. John E. Hannon, Louis Hannon, and James J. Hilferty(?), members of the society, had camped during the summer of 1904 at Lake Boon (Stow) and conceived the idea of purchasing a lot of land and building a cottage. They talked the idea over at a meeting of the St. Bridget's Temperance Society and several of members became enthusiastic. A lot of land was purchased from the Parks family on the west side of Lake Boone, in the part known as the Narrows (between the 1st and 2nd basins), and a large and commodious clubhouse was built. The contract to build the cottage was originally given to Mr. Joshua Carr of Maynard, and was later given to Mr. James Mullen of Maynard who completed the cottage in time for the official opening on August 5, 1905. At that time there were but few cottages at the Lake. Clubs with camps at the lake were the West Point, Tonawanda, Wisteria, Parks, Lone Pine, Lincoln and Fairview. The name "Twilight" was selected by a majority of the members. The Twilight Club members were the first to vision the development of Lake Boone as a summer colony. Today the shores are dotted with cottages and homes, many of them owned by people from Boston and vicinity, as well as those towns and cities nearby. Since its completion, the clubhouse and grounds had for many years been the popular center not only for the summer colony(?) but also for the people of Maynard, many of whom have had the use of it for family gatherings, outings and class reunions. The ???? at the Lake had so increased by 1908 there was a demand for ???? Sundays. The Twilight Club gave the use of its cottage ?????, the pastor of St. Bridget's parish of Maynard ??????? Mass. Mass was said at the Club for three years ????????? attending became so large that an association was organized and Association Hall was built on land donated by the Twilight Club and Mr. James A. Dooley. Charter members of the Club: William Connolly, President; John E. Hannon, secretary; Thomas Smith, treasurer; Matthew Campbell, James Claflin, William Cleary, Daniel Colbert, Owen Duggan, Louis Hannon, John Horan, John Keegan, James J. Ledgard, James C. Mahoney, Charles McGill, Patrick Murphy, William Scully, Edward Sheridan, Joseph Sheridan, Patrick Sherry, and Nicholas Whalen. James J. Ledgard is the only charter member who is still active. Other charter members living are: John J. Keegan of Maynard, Patrick M. Murphy of Framingham, William Cleary of Winchester and Charles McGill of Newton. Present members: Thomas J. Duggan, president; Ralph L. Sheridan, secretary; Edward F. Ledgard, treasurer; James J. Ledgard, Charter member; Thomas F. Maley, J. Howard Herbert, Louis J. Imbimbo, Herbert W. Martin, John A. Doran and Louis J. Primiano, all of Maynard; also. William J. Murray of Lake Boone, Harold J. Priest of Acton Center, Edward J. Hannon of Baltimore, Md., William D. Tobin of Holliston, John B. Ledgard of Laconia, N.H., and Robert L. Murray of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Robert Murray is the son of the late Frank J. (Jinx) Murray of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a native son and nationally known football coach at Marquette University and the University of Virginia. Coach Murray was a member of the Twilight Club for many years and spent part of his vacation each summer at the Club, and while lounging about the spacious quarters worked out many of the gridiron plays that brought about victory to his teams. James Ledgard, Herbert Martin(?) and William Cleary were successful business men, the former two in Maynard and the latter in Winchester, Mass. James Claflin for many years was Deputy Superintendent of the Boston Police Department. Ralph L. Sheridan worked several years as Assistant Deputy Superintendent at the Massachusetts Correctional Institution - Concord, Mass. The Twilight Club will long be remembered for the fine spirit of service and friendship during its sixty years of existence. At the annual meeting of the Club held Monday, May 11, 1964, it was voted unanimously to sell the clubhouse and land owned by the Club at Lake Boone, Stow, Mass., and to dissolve the association. Thus comes to an end another era. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: The Twilight Club Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1965 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.219 Description An account of the resource The Twilight Club was a social organization, founded by members of St. Bridget's church, which maintained a clubhouse on Lake Boone in Stow as a summer retreat for 60 years (1904-1964). club Lake Boon monograph Saint Bridget Church temperance Twilight Club https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/1f47aa68c27a4aac2a8e60eae15503cf.pdf 0f1b2debbf57f0eaf4ac85b932e1e024 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. HISTORY OF MAYNARD COUNCIL No. 2121. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS MAYNARD, MASSACHUSETTS by Ralph Sheridan, P.G.K., F.D.D. During the latter part of 1919 and early 1920, in the period immediately following World War I, many of our local boys who had been In the armed forces during the war, and had witnessed first-hand the splendid manner in which the Knights of Columbus, through its secretaries had operated in the various camps and cantonments throughout the United States and Europe, were joining the ranks of the Knights of Columbus through the councils in Hudson and Concord. They were all anxious to become apart of so worthy an organization. The Rev. Edward F. Crowley, then pastor of St. Bridget's church, believed the time was ripe for the organizing of an outstanding Catholic fraternal group in Maynard. He enlisted the aid of an old friend and classmate Judge William A. Day, who was then the State Deputy of the Massachusetts State Council, Knights of Columbus. The first stop toward the formation of a local council was taken in Riverside Hall (now Gruber's block) Main Street, on Sunday afternoon, February 22, 1920, when more than two hundred men of St. Bridget's parish heard Judge Day give a history of the order from its inception at New Haven, Connecticut, in March of 1882, to the present time. Richard B, McSweeney of Concord, Grand Knight of Concord Council #287, was present and in his remarks said he would assist in every way with the organizing of a council in Maynard. Rev. Fr. Crowley presided. Judge Day appointed Grand Knight McSweeney as provisional deputy, and he immediately got in touch with national headquarters at New Haven, Connecticut. He also announced there would be another meeting the following Sunday. An announcement had been made at the Masses on Sunday morning which resulted in the large and enthusiastic meeting. On Sunday, February 29, at a meeting held In Riverside Hall, a temporary organization was formed. Sylvester S. Sullivan was named temporary chairman; Roy V. McCormack, temporary secretary; and Frank J. McCarron, temporary treasurer. One hundred and two applications were received the first day the charter was thrown open. Committees were named as follows: "To Bring in Name for Council": John E. Hannon, Frank J. McCarron, Patrick J. Sullivan, Frank L. McCormack and Cornelius J. Lynch "For Permanent Location": Bartholomew J, Coughlin, James J. Morgan, Bernard H. Garrigan, John H. Horan and Walter K. White "To Prepare for Institution of Council": John H. Horan, George F. Lynch, Roy V. McCormack, John H. Sheridan, Frank S. Feams and Frank L. McCormack "To Continue Membershlp Drive": John. J. Gallagher, Dennis E. White, Patrick A. McGrath, Philip W. Allard. George F. Lynch, James B. Farrell, John A. O'Leary, John A. Moynihan, James C. Mahoney, Sylvester S. Sullivan, William F. Scully and Thomas F. Maley Richard B. McSweeney, provisional deputy, was in charge of details. With the full co-operation of Judge Lay, Fr. Crowley and Mr. McSweeney, and through the untiring efforts of Bro. Robert L. Sheridan (then a member of Hudson Council #131 and since a past Grand Knight of Potomac Council #433, Washington, D.C. ! and a past Faithful Navigator, Fourth Degree, and a past State Warden of the District of Columbia State Council); Bro. Roy V. McCormack (then a member of Hudson Council, and since a past Grand Knight of Hyannis Council #2505; Bro. Harold V. Sheridan of Concord Council #287 and Bro. Patrick M. Murphy of Hudson Council, in processing applications and completing volumes of clerical work required, the new council was instituted at Riverside Hall, Tuesday April 13, 1920, with the granting of a charter by the Supreme Council at New Haven, Connecticut. The charter closed with a membership of two hundred and two. It was to be known as MAYNARD COUNCIL No. 2121, KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS. This was the name selected by the committee and approved by the members. The first regular meeting of the new council was held at this time. It was called to order by Richard B. McSweeney of Concord, who was representing District Deputy Philip H. Gibbons of Clinton. The officers of Hudson Council under Grand Knight Walter Lyons conferred the first degree on one hundred and fifty new members. After the initiatory exercises the new council was duly instituted and election of officers took place. Timothy B. Moynihan was chosen as Grand Knight. His chosen associate officers were: Patrick A. McGrath, deputy grand knight; Sylvester S. Sullivan, chancellor; Thomas P. Haley, warden; Frank A. Brayden, Financial secretary; Roy V. McCormack, recording secretary; Frank L. McCormack, treasurer; Philip W. Allard, Inside guard; William J. Smith, outside guard; James J. Morgan, advocate; Bartholomew J. Coughlin, Patrick J. Sullivan and Frank S. Prue, trustees; Rev. Edward F. Crowley was appointed chaplain; John E. Hannon was appointed lecturer. On April 15, 1920 the second degree was conferred on the class at Masonic Hall by the officers of Concord Council under the direction of Grand Knight Richard D. McSweeney. Sunday, April 18, 1920, two classes of seventy-five each, received the Major degree in afternoon and evening sessions at Riverside Hall. District Deputy Philip H. Gibbons and staff from Clinton exemplified the afternoon degree. District Deputy Edward J. Brandon and staff from Cambridge was in charge of the evening exercises. Maynard Council, as host provided supper to forty-one members of visiting degree teams at the Assabet House (now the site of the United States Post Office on Main Street) on Sunday evening. The visitors were loud in praise of the splendid spirit shown and paid particular compliments to Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Bell, proprietors, for the delicious meal. The degrees were very impressive and were attended by visiting knights from miles around. Refreshments were provided for visiting knights at Masonic Hall. Committee in charge of this feature: Edward P. Ledgard, chairman; Thomas F. Haley. Patrlck A. McGrath, James C, Mahoney, John H. Horan, John J. Gallagher, and a corps of assistants. At that time there were forty one (41) Maynard men in Hudson Council, No. 131; eleven (11) in Concord Council, No. 287; one (1) in Clinton Council, No. 1701; one (1) In Whip City Council, No. 100, [presumably 1] Westfield, Massachusetts, and one (1) In Delavan Council, No. 1612, Delavan, Wisconsin. These members combined with the one hundred and thirty-two (132) candidates who received the Major degree on Sunday, April 19, 1920, constituted the Charter members of Maynard Council, No. 2121, Knights of Columbus, Maynard, Massachusetts. The following were Charter members of Maynard Council and were in the classes receiving the Major degree on Sunday, April 19, 192O: Rev. Edward F. Crowley Rev. John J, Sweeney Philip W. Allard Loreto Arcieri Cham Ayotte Arthur V, Bariteau Francis R, Bennett Jeremiah W. Bradley Frank A. Brayden Joseph Byrne Leo T. Byrne John C. Brayden Cornelius J. Callahan Alfred S. Carey William P. Casey John E. Comeau James H. Connolly Thomas W, Connolly Daniel F. Connors John Connors Daniel A. Coughlan James A. Coughlan Bartholomew J. Coughlin George H, Creighton Edward Cuddy Edward D. Doherty Thomas A. Doyle John J. Driscoll John T. Durkin John J. Dwyer Louis E. Evers Nelson A. Fairbanks Andrew J. Fardy Joseph J. Farrell Patrick J. Flynn William H. Fornier James H. Gallagher William D. Gallagher Bernard H. Garrigan John T. Gibbons John E. Hannon Thomas Hearon John F. Higgins Martin J. Higglns James J. Hilferty Edward F. Hoffman Edward S. Johnston John J. Johnston William J. Johnston, Jr. William J. Johnston, Sr. Charles B. Hart Charles E. Irwln George E. Kaler Patrick J. Kane John H. Keegan John J. Keegan Edward J. King Howard F. King Thomas J. King David E. Kinsley Thomas J. Lawler Arley B. Lawrence Magloire P. Lesage Louie F. Leveroni Michael P. Louka Daniel W. Lowney Harold A. Lyons Michael E. Lynch John P. Mahon Frank J. Maley John H. Maley James H. Mooney John W. Moore Francis C. Moran James J. Morgan William A. Morrill Noble T. Morton John A. Moynihan John H. Moynihan, Sr. John H. Moynihan, Jr. Francis J. Murphy Timothy A. Murphy John Murray John J. Murray Michael Murray Robert L.. MacKenzie Frank J. McCarron Francis L. McCarthy James M. McCarthy Hugh McGovern Michael F. McNamara Joseph H. 0'Brien Willliam K. O'Brien Michael O'Connell Patrick 0'Dea Michael T. O'Keefe John A. 0'Leary Harold C. Peterson William A. Ployart Harland W. Powers Harold P. Powers John E. Punch Columbus F. Rainville Louis H. P. Richard Leo J. Roche William P. Scully John H. Sexton George D. Sharpe James W. Sheridan Joseph E. Sheridan John F. Smith Joseph T. Smith Patrick J. Sullivan James V. Sweeney Thomas A. Sweeney William A. Sweeney Thomas H. Tierney Daniel M. Timlege Eden J. Tobin Henry J. Tobin James J. Tobin William J. Tobin Charles C. Visocchi Joseph Visocchi Stanley F. Vodoklys Emmett J. Wall Nicholas J. Whalon Arthur J. White Dennis E. White George E. White Joseph A. White Fred J. Wilder The following were members of other councils and by transfer became Charter members of Maynard Council: From Hudson Council, No. 131 John F, Carpenter Edward J. Coughlin Joseph Dineen William F. Driscoll James 0. Farrell Frank S. Fearns David J. Foley John J. Gallagher John H. Horan Joseph W. Kaler John J. Kane Frank W. Kelly William Moynihan Edward Ledgard Edmund P. Lowney William P. Lowney Cornelius J. Lynch George F. Lynch James C. Mahoney Thomas P. Maley Vincent J. Maley William J. Maley Harold J, Morgan Frank D. Moynihan Timothy B. Moynihan Patrick H. Murphy Frank L. McCormack Roy V. McCormack Patrick A. McGrath Frank S. Prue Edward E. Puffer Robert L. Sheridan Leonard J. Smith Thomas V. Smith William J. Smith Sylvester S. Sullivan William J. Tobin Albert J. Whalen James K. Whalen William J. Murray From Concord Council, No. 287 George J. Anelons Edward J. Flaherty Thomas J. King Francis A. Kay Frank L. O'Brlen Janes Rady Frank C. Sheridan Harold V. Sheridan Louis E. Sullivan Leo C. White Walter E. White From Clinton Council, No. 1701 John H. Sheridan From Whip City Council, No, 100 Frank M. Lawton From Delavan Council, No. 1612 William C. Creeley Timothy B. Moynihan was re-elected for a second term as Grand Knight, and he has been followed in succession by: Patrick A. McGrath - 1921-24 Sylvester S. Sullivan - 1924-25 Harold J. Morgan - 1925-26 Joseph E. Byrne - 1926-28 Ralph L. Sheridan - 1928-29 William J. Smith - 1929-30 John E. Hannon - 1930-32 James B. Farrell - 1932-34 Arley B. Lawrence - 1934-36 Thomas J. Duggan - 1936-38 Edward J. Hannon - 1938-40 Leo F. Mullin - 1940-42 Robert E. Riley - 1942 Henry T. Hanson - 1942-44 Joseph E. Byrne - 1944-45 Joseph E. Boothroyd - 1945-47 J. Francis Cleary - 1947-48 Robert E. Riley - 1948 Richard T. White - 1948-50 Richard J. Flaherty - 1950-51 William F. McGann - 1951-52 Philip H. Finan - 1952-53 Harold W. Johnston - 1953-54 James C. Tierney - 1954-56 Alphonse J. Paul - 1956-58 Joseph P. Cotter - 1958-60 Richard J. King - 1960-61 Eugene L. Charpentier - 1961-62 Alfons W. Krysieniel - 1962-63 Paul V. Boothroyd - 1963-65 Alfred P. Ramos - 1965-66 Robert A. Smale - 1966-67 Raymond F. ??tonia - 1967-68 Benny M. Sofka - 1968-69 Joseph P. Cotter - 1969-70 Meeting's were held for seven years at Masonic Hall; seven years at the Riverside Cooperatlve Association Building, until driven out by fire which destroyed the entire upper part of the building on January 30. 1936. From then until March 1937 meetings were held at the United Co-operative Society Building on Main Street. From the inception of Maynard Council, its membership had set as a goal "to some day have their own home". For that purpose the Knights of Columbus Building Association, Incorporated, was set up within the council, and consisted of the entire membership of the council. By-laws were drawn up and approved by the Secretary of the Cormmonwealth of Massachusetts. Officers were elected, consisting of the grand knight and deputy grand knight as president and vice-presldent respectively, and a secretary, treasurer and fifteen (15) directors. Many a heated session took place over the purchase of various properties in the town. The Amory Maynard property (now the location of the Sears Block, Main Street) was lost by one vote. Several other places on both Main and Nason Streets were seriously considered. Immediately following the destructive fire In 1936 steps were taken to purchase the site from the Riverside Co-Operative Association. As soon as this was accomplished various architects were consulted and a number of plans submitted before the committee agreed to award the contract for the "KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS BUILDING" to the Thomas F. Hurley Construction Company of Marlborough, Massachusetts. Construction was begun on November 1, 1936. The directors of tho Building Association at the time were: Thomas J. Duggan, president; Michael J, Veleno, vice-president; Daniel F. Connors, treasurer; James C. Mahoney, secretary; Phillip W. Allard, John J. Driscoll, James B. Farrell. John E. Hannon, Arley B. Lawrence, Harold J. Morgan, Ralph L. Sheridan, William J. Smith, Walter T. Tierney and Nicholas J. Whalen, directors. The fondest hope of Maynard Council was realized on Sunday, March 14, 1937, almost seventeen years from the date of the first meeting of the council, with the dedication of the new "KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS BUILDING" . Thomas J. Duggan, Grand Knight, was in charge of the ceremonies, which were attended by nearly three hundred members of the Order. The speakers for the occasion were Supreme Director Judge John E. Swift of Valencia Council, No. 80, Milford (who later became Supreme Knight); State Deputy Patrick J. Moynihan of John J. Williams Council, No. 1308, Roslindale; District Deputy Thomas J. McLaughlin of North Cambridge Council, No. 269; Rt. Rev. Edward P. Crowley of Hyde Park, who was the first Chaplain of Maynard Council; Rev. D. Edward O'Bryan, pastor of St. Bridget's parish; Rev. John A. Dziok, pastor of St. Casimir's; Rev. James P. Sherry and Rev. Charles Hennihan of St. Bridget's; and Charles Irwin, Exalted Ruler, Maynard Lodge of Elks, and also a charter member of Maynard council. Other invited guests were the Grand Knights of Concord, Hudson, Marlborough and Framingham councils. Open house was held in the afternoon for members of the order and in the evening for the public. The building was appraised by all as an excellent choice for such an ideal location, not only to serve as a home for Maynard council, but also a a beauty spot for the Town of Maynard. It is two-storied brick veneered with a large store on the Nason Street front. The second floor is entered from the Summer Street side, through a spacious and attractive lobby. It consists of a hall with seating capacity for two hundred and thirty, equipped with a small stage. Also the clubrooms, consisting of lobby, cloakroom, lounging room, card room. kitchen and auxiliary rooms . The hall can be rented for most any occasion, such as meetings, dances, showers, wedding receptions, etc. Maynard Council has participated in every local civic affair, such as anniversaries, parades, drives, etc., and has responded to every call for assistance within its means, whether it be financial, physical or material. Its membership proudly boasts of many of the town's civic leaders throughout its entire history. During World War II twenty six (26) members of the council served In the armed forces of our country. One of them, Brother Chester G. Carson, made the Supreme Sacrifice. He was killed In action in Germany in November 1944. HONOR ROLL WORLD WAR II James C. Buscemi Chester C. Carson ** Raymond Crowley Francisco S. DiGrappa John J. Duggan Robert B. Duggan Edward E. Fearns John H. Keegan ++ Evald Johnson Harold W. Johnston William H. Larson Edward J. Ledgard John F. May John H. Murphy John C. Nowick Alphonse J. Paul Robert E. Riley Joseph P. Schnair, Jr. Albert J. Sullivan Charles E. Sullivan Daniel H. Sullivan James V. Sullivan Benny F. Sofka George E. Whalen ** Killed In action ++ Also in World War I Four members of the council have been honored with the title of District Deputy; John J. Donohue - 1927-1931 Patrick A. McGrath - 1937-1939 Joseph E, Boothroyd - 1947-1949 Ralph D. Sheridan - 1958-1961 Several nembere have received the honors of the Fourth Degree. Three have served as Faithful Navigator of Edward F. McSweeney General Assembly: Arley B. Lawrence Joseph E. Boothroyd Harold W. Johnston The most honored member of the council is Brother Joseph E. Boothroyd, past Grand Knight, former District Deputy, former Faithful Navigator, Fourth Degree, and has held every office in the Massachusetts State Council from State Auditor through State Deputy. Also, Master of the Fourth Degree, Massachusetts District No. 2. There are at present one hundred and twenty-five members in the council, of whom sixteen are Charter members. In 1958 a ladies' auxiliary to the council was organized. It is now known as St. Christopher's Guild and its purpose Is to engage in spiritual, cultural, educational, charitable and social activities . Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Knights of Columbus Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1966 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.223 Description An account of the resource Inspired by seeing Knights of Columbus providing material and spiritual support in Europe during World War I, members of St. Bridget's church pushed for the creation of a Maynard council of this fraternal organization in 1920. Since then it was a powerhouse of service in Maynard through the 20th century. fraternal organization Knights of Columbus monograph https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/c3eb23c4f8e915d1251cd4523f3edfcf.pdf 5aeb3a25433a3f7ddab9a4b73e60eb0a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Sewerage had been one of the considerations of the earliest town meetings, but no positive action was taken. In 1902, the American Woolen Company built their own system on the former Reardon and Mahoney estates, with filter beds near the old McGrath place off Waltham Street (now the Rod and Gun Club property.) In 1907, a committee was appointed to act with the Board of Health to investigate the advisability of installing a sewerage system. This committee recommended nothing be done at that time on account of the large debt outstanding. Another such committee was appointed In 1914 and $1000 appropriated for a preliminary survey. After an extensive investigation the committee recommended the construction of a system costing approximately $125,000, to include about eight and one-half miles of piping, a disposal plant and fixtures, with a total capacity of 500,000 gallons daily. This was approved by the state Commissioner of Health, and the General Court under Chapter 340, Acts of 1916, granted the town permission for its construction. Work was not started due to conditions caused by the World War. The matter was again discussed in 1925, and in 1928 the General Court granted the town permission to acquire land on the Maynard-Acton line for a disposal plant site. In 1928, a contract was signed to build a sewerage plant and pipe the town at a cost of $150,000. In 1929, the town asked the General Court for permission to borrow $100,000 in excess of the debt limit to complete the system. In 1930, three sewer commissioners were elected: Peter Wilcox, Mark Newton and Chrlstopher Wilson. They, in turn, appointed Edwin Carlton, Superintendent of Sewers and Clerk. In 1934, William A. Naylor, Water Superintendent, was also named Superintendent of Sewers. In 1936, the Textile Realty Company, representing the American Woolen Company, turned their system over to the town. And in 1952, town meeting voted to place the Sewer Department under the Public Works Department. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Sewage System Description An account of the resource A history of the town's sewerage system. Recognized as a need from the earliest days of the town's incorporation, a variety of factors prevented its construction until 1930. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1967 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.224 Department of Public Works DPW monograph sewer sewer treatment https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/451a7722fcaf69b4b6cd14fcb27ebfa9.pdf fa0a1741f6a340d9eeede39520123e19 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. At town meeting, March 14, 1881, it was voted that a committee of two be appointed to consider the matter of public watering troughs. The committee appointed was Joseph Hapgood and George Flood. Since then the town has been the recipient of four. In 1891, Lorenzo Maynard erected one at the comer of Main and Nason Streets, inscribed "GIFT OF L. M. - 1891". In 1915, Nason Street was widened six feet and this watering trough was moved to the foot of Walnut Street, where it remained until parking meters were installed In 1952. It was then removed to the Public Works garage. At the request of' the Maynard Historical Society, end with the whole-hearted co-operation of the Board of Selectmen, Police Department, Fire Department and the Public Works Department this old landmark was restored to a dignified place In front of the Fire and Police Building on June 25, 1969. November 3, 1891, the town voted to accept and maintain a public watering trough presented to the Town of Maynard by Mrs. Asahel Balcom. It was erected in 1892 at the intersection of Great Rond and Parker Street, where It now stands. June 1, 1892, the Selectmen granted Thomas F. Rafferty permission to put a watering trough on Main Street near Sudbury Street railroad crossing. This one Is unique, being first made spherical for one of the battlefields, but before leaving the shop, was damaged and it was secured by Mr, Rafferty. April 2, 1894, the town voted to accept from Thomas F. Rafferty (of Cambridge ????) the gift of a memorial fountain on Main Street, also $200, the interest of said sum to be used as maintenance and care of said memorial. June 27, 1904, town voted to accept a watering trough, the gift of the late Warren A. Haynes, and authorize the Selectmen to use the $20 gift from the Massachusetts Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals to aid in establishing the same at the comer of Acton and Concord Streets. It was erected on September 10, 1904. Today, only the base of this one remains at the location. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Watering Troughs Description An account of the resource The origins of the watering troughs (and fountain) that dot the Maynard landscape. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1969 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.231 monograph watering troughs https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/a49d0a8aa649ac3f4888f3c4891caac2.pdf 26cc8fc1a4d758d6362d1256957de548 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Ice Houses and Ice Harvesting Icehouses and harvesting ice to fill them now belongs to an almost vanished age, but ice harvesting on New England ponds used to be a big winter business. In the 1800's and early 1900's, during the months of January and February, it was a common sight on the lakes, ponds and some of the rivers to see men and horses harvesting ice and storing it in barnlike icehouses, large and small, There was an occasional year when December was a cold month with below zero temperature, and the ice harvest was completed in December. But, on the average, ice-cutting time did not come until well into January. The icemen wanted ice that was 10 to 12" thick. They hoped for good clear ice that was not mixed with sleet or snow. It was real hard work and one had to be rugged, with plenty of muscle. It could also be very hazardous work, While the temperature remained in the teens it was good weather for putting up ice, as the colder it was when packed in the icehouses, the better the quality when it was taken out the following summer. When a boy was twelve years old or thereabouts, it was perfectly logical that he have two opinions about the annual ice harvest. If you were brought up on a farm in the northland back in the days of ice-boxes instead of electric refrigerators, you can probably guess what I mean. Ice-cutting being hard, cold work; but when a fellow thought of June, July and August and the six quart ice-cream freezer, he realized there had to be ice before he could enjoy ice cream. You just don't know' what cold is until you have worked on a pond at zero or below with a stiff wind blowing from the northwest. Dress for such an outdoor job on a cold day as follows: heavy wool socks; boots and overshoes; two wool sweaters over a wool shirt; an interlined double-breasted overcoat, knee length; thick wool cap with ear flaps down; knitted wool scarf wrapped around face and neck; a pair of wool mittens, and over these a pair of leather mittens. Usually, local men were hired for the entire harvest. Being seasonal work it might occur when the factories were slack and men would be available. The large ice companies had a crew that went from one job to another as the season progressed. They lived in boarding houses, usually set up nearby the pond. One such boarding house was built near White Pond by the Independent Ice Company, who cut ice on White Pond for many years. When the icehouse, completely filled with ice and valued at $18,000, was totally destroyed by fire on February 3, 1922 [1], the boarding house was sold to the Maynard Rod and Gun Club who occupied it until the early 1940's when it was taken over by the United States Government as it was within the boundaries of land taken over by them for the ammunition depot of World War II. During the war the building was used as an officer's club. It is now a private home. The annual harvest of ice at White Pond lowered the water level 6 inches. Cutting commenced as soon as the ice was a foot or more thick. Then it was strong enough to hold a team of farm horses and humans. At seven o'clock the whistle sounded and the men moved out onto the ice, or to their places in the icehouses. Horses were used singly and in pairs with the men. If there was snow on the ice it was necessary to scrape the surface clear. One job was holding the scraper. Scraping served two purposes. It removed the accumulated snow so that the ice would freeze to a greater depth (12 inches or more was considered desirable) and made possible the marking and grooving of the ice so that blocks of it could be broken off. The scraper was pulled by a pair of horses and the snow was dumped onto the shore. Next, the cutter and groover was drawn by a horse across the icy surface scratching parallel lines two feet apart and six inches deep. Then it was drawn at right angles and lines made forming rectangles or a sort of checkerboard pattern. Next came the sawers. A big ice saw which needed two men to operate it. The long handle was fixed at right angles to the blade. One small hole, big enough to take the saw, was chopped in the ice. After that the ax was laid aside and the saws took over. Long strips of ice were sawed loose and floated to a channel cut in the ice which led directly to the lower end of the ramp or "run" which had an endless belt operated by a steam engine (or horse drawn) to haul the ice up the ramp or "run" to the proper level of the icehouse, where it would slide by force of gravity to its ultimate resting place in one of the rooms in the icehouse. The icehouses were strange looking affairs, They looked like large unpainted barns, with an opening in the front that went from the ground right up to the ridgepole. As the store of ice built up, this opening was gradually closed with boards. The commercial icehouses were divided into compartments. Each compartment was insulated with a double wall which was filled with sawdust. Most of the houses were made of wood (lumber and wages were cheap in those days.) The inside walls were made of smooth boards so that no timbers would stick out and take up space. The framing was on the outside and the walls were tied together at the roofline. After a few years the buildings often leaned to one side and sometimes collapsed. Many farms had icehouses and some had to haul the ice from the pond, The cut ice would be floated to shore, hoisted onto horse-drawn sleds, and hauled to the icehouse, sometimes more than a mile away. (During an extremely dry period they would melt the ice to water the cattle.) As the ice cakes moved up the run they passed under sets of knives. The knives were set one behind the other to trim the ice to uniform thickness. The ice is first packed into the bottom level four feet high, then the staging and "run" is moved up by winch to the next higher four foot level and continue loading each compartment by four foot levels until the house is full. Each four foot section was covered with sawdust from the nearest sawmill, thus insulating the ice so that it would last all summer. As stated earlier in this story, work began at seven o'clock. At noon the horses were watered and fed and the workmen ate lunch in a shed heated with a Iarge stove with the stovepipe running the length of the center of the shed. The dinner pails were hung near the stove pipe to keep the contents warm. (The dinner pail of those days was pail and not a lunch kit. The coffee or tea was in the bottom of the pail. Above it was a tray six or seven Inches deep in which was the main course, real he-man sandwiches or the equivalent. Above that was a shallow tray for a large piece of pie or other dessert. Then the cover, and inverted on the ring soldered to the cover was a tin dipper. Such a pail, with attachments was at least a foot tall and had a long bail.) After dinner, smokes for the smokers, a few comments on the weather, some tall yarns, and then one o'clock and back to work. Five o'clock was quitting time and then home to a hot supper and bed to rest for the next day. (Earnings $1.50 for the day.) It was often necessary during zero weather to keep men on the job all night to keep the channels from freezing over. Some of the hazards of the job: an ice cutter on the pond might slip into the water in zero temperature. If he didn't get pneumonia he was lucky. Or, a 100 lb. cake of ice might escape and land on his toes or leg. Occasionally, a horse or team of horses would fall through the ice and cause considerable delay and excitement until they were rescued. One of the first establishments for the storage of ice was in the Maynard territory [2]. In 1849, upon the advent of transportation facilities (The Boston and Maine Railroad - Marlboro Branch) a large icehouse was erected by Nathaniel J. Wyeth, where the Front Street houses now stand. The building was of brick and held 40,000 tons of ice which was cut on the mill pond and shipped to Boston. Modern machinery was used in the work. About 1864 it ceased to be used, and the Assabet Mfg, Company purchased and tore down the building, using the brick for mill construction. The granite arch and keystone may be seen over the door of Number 12 mill near Main Street. [3] In 1871, Haynes Brothers (A.G. & W.A.) had an icehouse valued at $100. Ben Smith had one valued at $200. [4] The Independent Ice Company of Boston cut ice for many years on White Pond: Jan, 6, 1911: Ice is being cut on White pond and a good crop is reported. Feb. 24, 1921: The Independent Ice Company plan to start harvesting ice at White Pond sometime next week. The company is presently filling the houses in Westbrook, N.H. and took tools from the White Pond houses to New Hampshire. [5] This company of the Boston Ice Company had icehouses on nearly every large pond and lake in eastern Massachusetts, southern Maine and New Hampshire. They cut ice for many years on the Mill Pond and had icehouses located on the shore in the rear of where the Sudbury Street blocks are now built. Nov 24, 1905: An ice house is being built at Puffer's Pond where a Finnish party will furnish the people of his own nationality with ice next summer. J.R. Bent had large icehouses on the Assabet River just across the railroad tracks from the town pumping station (where many of the old timers of today, including the author, learned to swim.) He cut ice above the Ben Smith Dam. C.C. Murray cut there for several years: Mar 31, 1915: Luke Mason has left the employ of C. C, Murray, Iceman, for work in West Acton. Mar 31, 1915: C.C. Murray is to build a bath house on the Assabet River near his ice houses [6] He was followed by John Zaniewski: Dec 5, 1919: The new icehouse built by contractor Joseph Foster for John Zaniewski is completed. It is situated on the side of the one destroyed by fire and has a capacity of 6000 cakes. Jan 9, 1920: John Zaniewski cut some ice for immediate use during the week. He is to harvest 750 tons within the week, which will fill his new house on the site of the one destroyed by fire near the torn pumping station. The new house is completed and in readiness to be filled. [7] The Riverside Cooperative Society had an icehouse in the rear of the Concord, Maynard & Hudson Street Railway barns and cut ice above Ben Smith dam. Fred H. Taylor cut ice above Russell's Bridge on the Assabet River: May 28, 1915: The selectmen have awarded the contract for icing the Luke S. Brooks drinking fountain on Main Street to Fred W. Taylor and Whitney and Hastings. W & H will furnish the ice during June and July and Taylor during August and September. C.C. Murray made no application for the contract. Jan 26, 1919: Local ice dealers took advantaee of the recent cold spell and harvested ice to supply local trade. F.W. Taylor cut 6 inch ice in Stow, while Whitney and Hastings cut 5 inch ice in South Acton. As their supply was very limited the local dealers hailed the cold wave with delight. [8] Whitney and Hastings harvested ice on the pond near the bridge in South Acton: Jan 2, 1921: W. & H. began harvesting ice crop in So. Acton Tuesday. There are about 30 men employed and it is expected it will take a week to fill the houses. The ice averages 11 inches and it is the best quality cut in a number of years. It is expected the firm will house between 4500 and 5000 tons. W.O. Strout cut ice on the river and in South Acton: Jan 28, 1921: Local ice dealers are harvesting a 12 inch crop. W.A, Strout began cutting Wednesday and there were more than 100 men on hand applying for work. Fred Taylor began the same day and had the same experience. [10] J. Leo Comeau was in the ice business from 1907: Dec 24, 1909: John Comeau is building an addition to his icehouse up the river. [11] He also cut ice in West Concord and East Acton. He made deliveries of ice until May 1965, when he suffered a heart attack and died a few days later. He can truly be said to be "The Last of an Era". And the youngsters of today never have enjoyed the privilege of knowing a real iceman. His was a cool business on a hot day in July. For many years he had a horse drawn wagon, painted red, with his name and the word ice in large letters on the sides. Later he purchased a second-hand truck chassis and mounted the body of his wagon on it. He drove the truck over 200000 miles. He'd split off a piece of ice from a cake in the wagon, grab it with the big curved ice tongs, sling it over his shoulder and march up two or three flights of stairs to fill one of those old-fashioned refrigerators. He wore a rubber poncho to keep from getting soaked with ice water as it dripped under the blazing sun. One of his most indispensable tools was a whiskbroom to brush off sawdust before delivering the ice. The customer would display a card in the window. These cards were supplied by the iceman. The customer would turn it to the size of the piece they wanted and the iceman could cut the right size of piece. Some of the old time refrigerators (iceboxes) had a lid on the top which covered the compartment where the ice was kept. Some had a door in front for the ice. They were lined with zinc and insulated. The large markets and provision stores had big refrigerators to store meats. Dairies are the only ones today that use ice in their trucks. Modern housewives can thank their stars that they don't have to mess around with an icebox. It was a necessary nuisance 40 years ago. Somebody was always forgetting to empty the big flat pan that held the melted ice water. When this receptacle overflowed it flooded the kitchen floor and the water seeped down into the apartment below. When Leo started in the business a customer could get 20 lbs, for 5 cents. The smallest amount buyable now is 25 lbs., which is priced at 25 cents. And it is artificial ice. The old icehouses have disappeared. They went out of business after folks started making artificial ice in convenient sizes. A while later the home refrigerator that didn't need ice came on the market. Today's methods of keeping humans and their food cool, is probably much more efficient, but hardly so satisfying to the small fry as filching bits of ice from the jingling cart when the iceman's back was turned. Prepared by Ralph L. Sheridan Credits: 1 - Capt. John Phaneuf - Hudson Fire Department 2 - Annals of Sudbury, Wayland and Maynard 3 - "A Brief History of Maynard" - William H. Gutteridge 4 - Town of Maynard Assessors Book 1871 5-11 - The Maynard News Yankee Magazine - issues of Jan. 1965 - Jan 1966. The Boston Globe The New England Year - Hayden Pearson Richard Elum(?), ???, ??? for time and story of Leo Comeau. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Ice Houses Description An account of the resource Before the widespread availability of refrigeration one of the only way to keep things cool was with ice. Fresh water supplies, such as the Assabet River flowing through town, was a source of ice during the winter and a major industry grew up around this natural resource. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.247 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1967 Assabet River Ben Smith Dam club Comeau Comeau's Ice House ice ice house Leo Comeau Maynard Rod & Gun Club monograph pond railroad river Riverside Co-operative Association White Pond Whitney https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/0dc058321e0b08b36356a73a5f7d4072.pdf 581f4501c9d8a924b5480945ded89c8c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. May 23, 1906 a license was granted to two enterprising Maynard men, Mr. Peter Wilcox and Mr. Fred Chandler, who put a 3-1/2 horsepower steam launch named "Queen" on the Assabet River for the purpose of taking parties from Maynard to Whitman's crossing (near Boon's Pond) and return. The new launch was as good as money could buy, would carry at least twenty passengers, and would travel over the river at a rapid clip. A boat-house and landing wharf was built at the river in the rear of the Concord, Maynard and Hudson Street Railway car barn on Great Road. A landing wharf was also built at Whitman's crossing for those who desired to get off for Boon's Pond, which was a quarter-of-a-mile walk away, and where the passengers could board the launch "Princess" for a ride around the entire Boon's Pond or to any of the several landing places. At first, regular trips were made on Sundays and Saturday afternoons. (Note: No daylight saving time in those days and the working day ended at 6P.M. or later.) Later one trip per day each way was made on weekdays. The cost of the ride up the river was twenty-five cents. The trip seemed to fill a popular want and was enjoyed by many. Among the scenic attractions along the trip was the "ole' swimming hole" or "Dutchies", where most of the boys and young men of the town learned to swim; Bent's Icehouse, a short distance from the "Dutchies", where the advanced swimmers could use the ice-run and the "stump" nearby for diving and to enjoy the waves from the passing launches; Russell's bridge, where all on board the boat had to duck their head as they passed underneath; Comeau's ice-house, just beyond the bridge; "Nanny Goat Rock", which stood out of the water as a beacon before the bend in the river at Crow Island. In September 1906, the company purchased a new steam launch, the "Gertrude", to be operated with the "Queen" on the river. It was twenty feet long and would accommodate thirty-five passengers. It was built in the barn of Mr. George Whitney and was named the "Gertrude" in honor of Mr. Chandler's daughter. This new addition was found necessary because of the demand for accommodations on the river trip. With the addition of another boat, trips were made every hour on Sundays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. On weekdays a boat left Maynard for Boon's Pond at 2 p.m. and return trip to Maynard left at 3 p.m. In May 1910, the firm name changed to Chandler and Howard by the purchase of one-third interest in the business by Mr. Allan Howard. Mr. Wilcox still retained his interest in the business, but the other two members operated the launches. A third boat "Teddy" was put in service in 1910. September 10, 1910 the "Queen" was sold to Lake Boon parties. In April 1912 the firm decided to sell out and offered a good proposition to anybody. On June 12, 1914 they sold the "Gertrude" to the Union Carbide Company of Canada. It was used on Lake Boon for a short time and then shipped to Sault Saint Marie, Michigan. July 12, 1916, Mr. C.C. Murray of Maynard obtained a license to operate motor boats on the Assabet River. He operated a very short time. All who took this delightful trip up the river and back still hold it as one of their most cherished memories. Dates and factual information obtained from copies of the "Maynard News" through the courtesy of the "Assabet Valley Beacon". Photograph with courtesy of Mr. Arthur L. Wilcox, son of Mr. Peter Wilcox - one of the original owners of the boat company. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Pleasure Boats on the Assabet River Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.250 Description An account of the resource Starting in 1906, for about 10 years, you could board a small steam-powered boat near Ben Smith Dam and for 25 cents take a leisurely weekend ride upstream to Lake Boon in Stow. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1968 Assabet River boat boat launch launch monograph river https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/0fffa44ea6d4b03ca0088589338b3781.pdf 245c8d4bd58af5f23174cceeccd9bf6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. A Maynard and Stow directory for 1887-1888 lists Edward McCraig as a cigar manufacturer on Harriman Court. Also lists William H. Irwin and William H. McGowan as cigar makers. In 1900, John W. Connors was manufacturing cigars in his shop located in Lowe's Block (now the Pizza House) Nason Street. He advertised "as the largest cigar manufacturer in Middlesex county", and made such name brands as "Home Market Club" (the cigar that made Maynard famous), 10¢. Also, 5¢ brands, "J.W.C." and "Forester Guide". His cigars were sold throughout Middlesex county. He had previously made cigars in a barn at his home on the comer of Sudbury and Park Streets. (Mr. Connors was also an outstanding baseball player, first baseman, and had a tryout with the Philadelphia Athletics under the late Manager Connie Mack.) Edward T. McManus, brother-in-law of Mr. Connors, operated a cigar factory at the rear of his home on the opposite comer of Sudbury and Park Streets. He later moved the business to Nason Street (in the building recently tore down to enlarge the parking lot.) An item in the Maynard News, dated Friday, May 26, l899: "At 3:35 Monday P.M., George Brown who was carting gravel on Sudbury Street saw smoke issuing from the side of the cigar factory of Edward T. McManus and notified him, who attempted to ascend the stairway, but was driven back by the dense smoke. He called to Bert Haynes, who was hitching up, to ring in the alarm. The fire department made a quick run and quickly extinguished the fire. Mr. McManus had about 33,000 cigars made up and a quantity of tobacco on hand, all being totally destroyed by water. The fire started in an upper room where the cigars were stored for shipment. Mr. McManus and a friend were upstairs early in the P.M. and he thinks the fire was caused by one of them throwing an unextinguished match on the floor. Loss on the stock, tools, etc., is about $2000. Unable to establish loss on the building. The loss was partly covered by insurance. Mr. McManus thanks the fire department and others who assisted for their efficient services. He later moved to a location on Main Street (now where Stretch's Tavern is located). He operated a lunch room and pool parlor in the front of the building and manufactured cigars in the rear. His most noted brand was the "E.T.M.". He drove a horse and wagon throughout the surrounding communities to deliver his cigars. James C. Mahoney operated a shop on Summer Street in the building next to where the Gruber family live. (House now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. William A. Morrill, Sr.) He made such brands as "Rosebud" and "J.C.M." George Morris operated this shop after Mr. Mahoney. He made the "Roamer" and the the "G.W.". In January 1920, Mr. Morris and James J. Tobin established a cigar factory at Paper Mill Comer (in the block where Speedy's restaurant is now located.) Mr. Morris conducted the business. Cornelius J. Lynch purchased the business of Mr. Connors, and in May 1910, owing to rapid increase In the business was obliged to secure larger quarters and moved to the basement of the Smoke Shop on Main Street (under what is now the Laundromat in Masonic Block.) September 16, 1910: "If one of the features of the aviation meet at Atlantic, Mass. was the presentation of a "Middlesex Cigar" to Claude Graham-White (one of the leading aviators of the time) by it's proud producer, Mr. C.J. Lynch. Mr. Graham-White, after trying the cigar, said the next airship meet ought to come off where the cigar was manufactured." In 1913, Mr. George E. "Speck" White, who had been employed as a cigar maker in Boston entered the employ of Mr. Lynch. In 1916, Mr. White purchased the business and operated the factory until 1921. He continued the manufacture of the "Middlesex" at 10¢ and the "Captor" at 5¢. In 1921 he sold the business to Mr. William H. Irwin a real old timer among the cigar makers. Mr. Irwin had been an employee of Mr. White since 1918, when he took the place of his son Chester Irwin, who had joined the United States Army. Mr. Irwin operated the shop until the late 1920's and produced "the Irwin Club". No cigars have been manufactured in Maynard since. "Chet" Irwin made cigars for a short time in a shop where the Pizza house is now located on Nason Street. Harry Ledgard also manufactured cigars in the shop on Summer Street. Among the many cigar makers from Maynard was Edward P. Ledgard, who is still living and remembers well all the other cigar makers of this town. "Ed" got his start with Mr. McManus, who also had several women working for him. Others were William Ryan, Michael Maley and John Maley, who later opened his own factory In Marlborough. Some of the foregoing men worked making such brands as "7-20-4" and "Pippin" and "Elcho". Note: In those days all brands were packed in wooden boxes and had a yellow ribbon band with the name of the brand printed in black letters. It was quite the fad for the women to save these ribbons to make pillow tops and seat covers by sewing them together in different patterns. Many of the canoeists had pillows topped with these ribbons. All tobacco plants which employed just one man were called "buckeyes". No one was certain of the origin of the name, except the first one came from Ohio, the "Buckeye State". Prepared by Ralph L. Sheridan Credit given to the Maynard News James J. Tobin, Edward F. Ledgard. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Cigar Makers of Maynard Description An account of the resource "Home Market Club", "Forester Guide", "Rosebud", "Middlesex" and the "Captor" are just a few names of cigars manufactured in Maynard through the late 1920's. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1968 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.263 bus cigar monograph https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/2a62f30879c36103cb03dfa12f97da7a.pdf e1f773638517c83f6c690174711be2fe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. The real threat of the settlement of Assabet Village to supersede both Stow and Sudbury began in 1646, when Armory Maynard and William Knight began the operations which established their woolen mills on the Assabet River. The Village began to assume new life. The water power which had been used only by Asa Smith's combination saw, grist and cider mill located near the bridge on what is now called Mill Street, and afterwards called "Jewell's Mill", where spindles for textile mills were made, was purchased. On November 24, 1845, Mr. Knight purchased from Asa Smith the "Jewell Mill" and two houses nearby at Mill Street and Summer Hill Lane (now called Summer Hill Road). In the house now owned by Mr. Maynard made his first residence. Mr. Knight, for some years, had owned and operated a carpet factory at Saxonville (a section of nearby Framingham), and which had recently been destroyed by fire. Mr. Maynard had left school at the age of fourteen to enter the sawmill owned by Isaac Maynard, his father, at Fort Meadow, Marlboro, aIso helping on the farm. The elder Maynard died when Amory was sixteen; the boy took charge of the business, carrying it on successfully, taking on building and contracting and within a short time was employing about sixty men. In this way he came in contact with Mr. Knight, for whom he had done some building and this resulted in their partnership for the manufacture of carpets. When the City of Boston took over Fort Meadow Pond, the sawmill lost its water rights, and Mr. Maynard turned to Assabet Village as the scene of his further operations. On May 19, 1846, he made his first land purchase from Eben S. Brooks this land being on both sides of the "Elsibeth" River. Land was also bought at this time from Thomas H. and Silas P. Brooks, and of Haman, George, and Benjamin Smith, continuing his purchases until he controlled all the available water power, water rights and mill sites in this vicinity. In July 1846, no less than thirty-four deeds are recorded, covering his purchases: a map of November 1846 shows that he owned one hundred and nine acres of choice land in the heart of the Village. Within a few years he had control of the water rights up the river to Boone's Pond (Stow) and to Fort Meadow Pond (Marlborough). It is related, when Mr. Maynard approached Ben Smith regarding a large tract of land he desired to purchase, Mr. Smith was not favorably impressed by his looks, and doubted his being a desirable citizen and questioned his ability to pay for the land. To make the river a more stable source of power he bought a strip of Harman Smith two and one- half rods wide, from the river to what is now the mill pond; dug a canal and led the water to what was then a low swarnpy hollow with a trout brook running through it. The tract was cleared of trees, an earthen dam built across from the Thompson Street side to the Main Street side, near where the present railroad crossing is located, making everything ready for the erection of the mill buildings, for which his early training had fitted him. (Note: Artemas Whitney, who was born in that part of Stow, which is now Maynard, was closely associated with Mr. Maynard as a friend and advisor, took the contract to build the (Ben Smith's) dam across the river and did the first day's work on it alone. Also, helped to build the present Mill pond, and laid the foundation for the first 100 houses built to accommodate the mill operatives.) The Ben Smith Dam having been thrown across the river, the water led into the Mill pond, water wheels being installed, they were ready for the mills. The first building was a wooden structure, 50 x 100 feet, and was located at the corner of what was later called Main Street and Walnut Street. (Note: There was no Main Street when Mr. Maynard came to the village. On September 22, 1848, Stow appointed a committee "to contract for the building of a new road and bridge as ordered by the County Commissioners on the petition of William H, Knight and others." Sudbury voted on April 2, 1849 "to pay for the road and bridge at Knight's factory, $1,310. The bridge was a two-span wooden one resting on a center pier of stone. Walnut Street was originally built on the south side of the river from Main Street to Thompson Street. In 1872, it was necessary to use this land for additional mill buildings, and Walnut street was relocated on the north side of the river and an iron bridge erected. In the Spring of 1847, they began to make yarn, and soon after carpets. (Note: the former Mary Wood, mother of William K. Gutteridge, author of "A Brief History of the Town of Maynard, 1921", wound the first bobbin in the factory. Robert Gutteridge, his father, was a carpet weaver. Worked sixty-six hours per week, 6:30 A.M. to 6:30 P.M., with forty-five minutes rest at noon.) (Note: A piece of the first carpet made at the factory is now owned by the Maynard Historical Society.) The company was granted a charter of incorporation by the General Court in 1849. In 1855, the industry was contained in three wooden buildings, and consisted of eleven worsted combers, four sets of cards and fifty-two hand carpet looms and employed one hundred and twenty-five hands. Note: One of these three buildings was used as a wool shop. It was moved to Main Street, where it presently stands, now number 165-167, and converted into a factory boarding house and then into separate tenements. At Mr. Knight's retirement, Mr. Maynard took over the entire business and ran it successfully until the panic of 1857 crippled him so badly that he failed and the mills were sold at auction. In conduct of his mills, Mr. Maynard's two sons, Lorenzo and William were associated with him. In 1859, he purchased, from the City of Boston, the Fort Meadow(Marlboro) reservoir containing three hundred acres, and he had previously, in 1846, obtained entire control of Boone's Pond (Hudson), containing two hundred acres by his land purchases and flowage rights, adding materially to their valuation. In 1862, the mills were reorganized as a corporation, with the name Assabet Manufacturing Company, P.A. Goddard, President; T. Quincy Brown, Treasurer: Amory Maynard, "Agent". The small buildings were replaced by others of more substantial and enlarged capacity. New machinery was installed and the manufacture of carpets dropped -- blankets, flannels and cloth being substituted. The Civil War was in progress and large Government orders were executed, which enabled the company to undertake an extensive program of expansion. Note: In 1864, a large brick icehouse with 40,000 tons capacity, which had been erected in 1850 by N.J. Wyeth where the Front Street houses now stand, and ice cut from the Mill pond and shipped to Boston, was purchased by the Assabet Manufacturing Company, as it was no longer being used. The building was torn down and the bricks used for mill construction. The granite arch and keystone may be seen over the door of No. 12 mill on Main Street (the building in which the Digital Corporation offices are now located.) The business continued successful and several large buildings were added from time to time. The number of employees became so great that tenements to house them had to be built by the company, streets were laid out and an entire community life grew up around the factory. Mr. Maynard continued as agent until failing health in 1885 necessitated relinquishing the position to his son Lorenzo, with his grandson, William H. Maynard, as Superintendent. In 1847 the valuation of the business was set at $150,000, and on the death of Mr. Maynard in 1890 (March 5) it was $1,500,000. In 1886, the present red brick chimney, two hundred and seven feet high, was erected. It is still in daily use. In 1892, the fine "Town Clock" on the mill was given by Lorenzo Maynard and placed in position in the Fall of that year. The tower was erected by the Assabet Manufacturing Company. (Note: It is still operating and it serves as a landmark for folks of yesterday and today. ) Dull times and poor business during 1893-1894 and later finally drove the company into insolvency on December 31, 1898. Receivers were appointed who kept the mills running on a reduced output until May 1, I899, when the American Woolen Company bought them for $400,000. At that time it was the largest woolen mill in the United States, with sixty-six sets of cards and three hundred and fifty broad looms. The American Woolen Company soon after began to improve the property, replacing the old machinery wlth new and increasing capacity. Note: The Assabet Manufacturing Company, while still in operation, had conducted a savings bank where the operatives, as well as others, deposited their money. When the company failed, the bank did also. The Assignees on August 12, 1899 paid to the depositors a 25% dividend, and on October 13, 1899 a second dividend of 35% was announced, but was not paid until February 3, 1900. This was final. The Town of Maynard was among the depositors and lost $3333.33. The General Laws now prohibit this type of banking. In May 1901, the mill office was enlarged and new rules for entering the mill in effect. The new "Riverside" building constructed -- the finishing room located on the bottom floor and the finish burlers on the second floor. In 1902, another floor was added to this the building. With its modern windows the building looked well from the Sudbury Street bridge. In 1901, to make room for the new weave room, the freight sheds near the old sawmill were moved across Walnut Street to company owned land on Hillside Street. The sawmill torn down and rebuilt on the river bank not far from the freight sheds on Walnut Street. June 1901: the Reardon estate off Parker Street purchased to build sixty tenements. July 1901: Agent Amory Maynard, 2nd, and Superintendent George Hinchcliffe assisted in laying the first stone of the new No. 5 Mill on Thompson Street. This building, when completed, will be the largest woolen mill in the United States: 640 ft. long, 106 ft. wide and five stories high. The powerhouse adds fifty feet more. It will be known as a 100 set mill. Dynamos replaced the gasometer. The building was completed in March 1902. ////////////////// Note: Since its birth the plant has been under the supervision of the Maynard famlly, and it is by singular coincidence that the man who now stands at the head of the mammoth textile establishment should bear the name of the man who gave it its birth, that of Amory Maynard. He is to retire on October 1, the last of the family connected with the Assabet Mills: Amory Maynard, 1st, until 1885; Lorenzo, his son, Superintendent; William Maynard, 1st, Assistant Superintendent; William Maynard, 2nd, Superintendent; Amory Maynard, 2nd, Superintendent and also the first Agent under the American Woolen Company. In 1901, a Iarge boarding house with eighty rooms was built on Main Street, and an old mill barn was torn down to make room for it. This was later known as the Assabet and Middlesex houses, and is now the site of the United States Post Office. In 1902, the the Mahoney estate of Waltham Street purchased and staked out for tenements. In all, one hundred and sixty erected. Also, sewerage system, installed by the Company to take care of these tenements. To erect another boarding house near the Central House on upper Main Street, where a similar structure was just completed. Note: These were the Minto House and the West End House. One was destroyed by fire several years ago and the other is new occupied partly by Buscemi's Market. Also, built five new blocks: two on Sudbury Court and three on company property near the Paper Mill dam. With the installation dynamos in the new power plant, electricity became available on September 1, 1902, a contract was made between American Woolen Company and the Town of Maynard for lighting the town, and the old kerosene lamps passed into oblivion. Note: James Hall was the first person to operate a power loom in the Assabet Mills. He had also worked as a young man in these mills over forty years ago. In 1904, No. 6 mill was built. (Note: This is the mill in which the Beacon Publishing Company is now located.) In 1905, a new office for the mills was built on Main Street. In 1906, five new double houses were built on Maynard's hill: two on Dartmouth Court, two on Dartmouth Street and one on Elmood Street. In 1911, work started on a new storehouse, 100 x 50 ft. x five stories, out over the Mill pond, August 1913, rebuilt the dam and sluiceway at the "Old Paper Mill". (Note: The Assabet Manufacturing Company had purchased the Paper Mill property in 1895.) In 1916, a chimney of hollow brick two hundred feet high was built near the red brick chimney. This was tom down in October 1956. In 1918, No. 1 mill was built over the Mill pond, 500 ft. long, and a steam turbine engine installed. Also, the Gorham Brown farm was purchased and several new houses were built. One of the streets being named for Frank J. DeMars, the first Maynard man to fall in World War I. August 17, 1920, four horses, a barn and storehouse located on Hillside Street burned with a loss of $75, 000. The barn was one-half of the original Lorenzo Maynard barn that had been moved from Maynard's hill. One of the storehouses was the old origin Mill building of 1846. It was moved to this location in 1901. [?] In 1934, the American Woolen Company became solely a manufacturing, enterprise. At that time they sold at public auction all their property except the mill buildings, because ownership of mill houses, once a necessity, was no longer economically justified. Most of the houses were purchased by the tenants. The Town of Maynard purchased the old Assabet and Middlesex Boarding House on Main Street to be used as a town hall. This was sold in 1962 and is now the site of the United States' Post Office. The Great Depression of 1929, which lasted until 1939 when trouble again broke out in Europe, placed a serious pinch on the American Woolen Company and the Assabet Mills. Serious labor troubles also haunted them and in October I931 the mill closed down and all help (1200 workers) locked out. This dispute between labor and management saw considerable of the machinery moved to other mills. Maynard was faced with real hard times, which were somewhat alleviated by the various agencies created by the Government to keep some of the people busy. In 1941, when the United States again became involved across the oceans, and World War II began, the mill was soon booming on a seven-day week, twenty-four hours around the clock, employing over 2000 making blankets, overcoating. and suitings for the Armed Forces. Following the close of this war conditions came to a standstill and the Assabet Mills became a casualty of the shifting public taste in textiles. No longer were soft woolens such as were made in Maynard in fashion. People wanted the hard woven worsteds. Also, the synthetic materials, i.e., rayon, nylon, dacron, polyester, etc., were making heavy inroads in the cloth manufacturing business. In 1950, the American Woolen Company closed the Assabet Mills for good. These mills had served as a barometer for the Town during its existence. Most of the townspeople and many from the surrounding towns found employment in them. When business was good at the mills the Town flourished; but there were many lean periods. They passed through their share of panics, strikes, shutdowns, and the whole community suffered thereby. With the closing of the mills the people of Maynard were now facing a situation which had become too familiar in New England in recent years: that of a "one-industry" community suddenly bereft of the mill payroll by which the community by and large has existed.. In July 1953, ten enterprising Worcester business men formed Maynard Industries, Incorporated, purchased the huge mill property for $200,000, and besides helping the Town to solve its unemployment problem secured the diversification denied the community for more than one hundred years. Maynard had faced the loss of its single, all-important industry. Today some twenty firms are doing business in mill buildings, and no longer are our economic eggs all in one basket. This has also resulted in other well-known industries to locate in the Town. ----------- Excerpt from "Stow, Massachusetts, 1683-1933, Crowell, Page 48. An interesting story is told of Amory Maynard, the founder of the large mill in what is now Maynard, then Stow. Amory Maynard was a carpenter by trade; he was employed in a mill in Marlboro, now Hudson, and made frames for buildings. A man by the name of "Knight" came from Saxonville from time to time, noticed young Maynard, and considered him a most promising young man. So he told Maynard if he would select a suitable site, he would furnish him money to build a mill. Maynard, looked up and down the Assabet River for sufficient water power as there was no electricity in those days, to run his mill. After some deliberation, he selected the present site of the Maynard Mill. Dams were accordingly built, and business was flourishing. In 1846, he purchased land on both sides of the "Assabet" river, and from time to time, from individuals owning land along the river, till he controlled all the available water power, water rights and mill sites in this vicinity. Within a few years he enlarged his possessions in order to control water rights up the river to Boone's Pond and Fort Meadow. His father, Isaac Maynard had a sawmill at the foot of Fort Meadow in which he had worked, having left school at the age of fourteen. When sixteen, his father died, and Amory took charge of the business, till at one time he had sixty men in his employ. In this way he came in contact with Mr. Knight. for whom he had done some building, and this resulted in their partnership for the manufacture of carpets. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: Assabet Mills Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph L. Sheridan Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.267 Description An account of the resource A detailed account of the founding of the mill and its impact on what became a "one industry" town. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca 1967 American Woolen Company American Woolen Mills Amory Maynard Amory Maynard 2nd Assabet Manufacturing Company Assabet Mills Assabet River Jewell Lorenzo Maynard Mill monograph river William Knight William Maynard wool https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/2c08733e989f6f798a835afb4a106fac.pdf 246a9472dd8d5df6343589465241d711 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data 8 x 11.5 in.; 158 pages Two copies Storage Location in the archive VF46 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Town of Maynard Officials 1871-1971 Description An account of the resource List of elected and non-elected officials that served the town for its first 100 years. The lists were collected from the Maynard Annual Reports and compiled by Ralph Sheridan. Included are the people who were on the Board of Selectman, School Committee, Planning Board, Superintendents of Schools, Town Clerks, Registrars of Voters, Board of Assessors, Tax Collectors and many others. Note: The PDF file has been OCR-scanned and is searchable. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2014.37 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971 annual report selectmen https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/7eab67a989964cb45d6baa9e67ac1c93.pdf 9c28d271083c0af646cd18b9041d0574 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. Excerpts from Maynard Town Reports: 1871 - Travellers, $21.44 1872 - none recorded 1873 - Isaac Stott, board(ing) of tramps, $1950 1874 - Board for 102 tramps, $68 paid to K. R. Hall 1875 - Board for tramps, $119.33 (Tramps have credit of $7 for sawing wood for schools) 1876 - Care of tramps, $252.50 1877 - Care of 859 tramps, $111.71 -- Herring and crackers, $20.51 1878 - Care of 725 tramps, $71.05 1879 - Care of 837 tramps, $75.83 -- Herring $11.92, Crackers $18.63 1880 - Care of 184 tramps, $23.87 -- 1881 - Care of 116 tramps, $14.29 1882 - Care of 120 tramps, $19.34 1883 - Care of tramps, $23.58 1884 - Care of tramps, $135.00 1885 - Care of tramps, $132.00 1886 - Care of 697 tramps, $97.00 (12½ ¢ per tramp) 1887 - Care of 424 tramps, $53.00 1888 - Care of 561 tramps 1889 - Care of tramps, $95.13 1890 - Care of 744 tramps 1891 - A building owned by Lorenzo Maynard and rented by Alonzo Knapp for a boarding house was selected as a poorhouse. Mr. Knapp and wife take charge of house, cultivate a portion of the land, harvest the hay crop, put up tramps, etc, for one year for the sum of $325. Cared for 184 tramps. Paid Assabet Mfg. Co. rent of poorhouse, including lockup, May 1, 1891 to March 1, 1892: $166.63. 1892 - The Abel G. Haynes farm on Great Hoad was selected and purchased as a poor farm on the poor removed to the same on May 1. $4800.00 was appropriated for the purchase. The small barn has been converted into a "tramp house". 1893 - "1306 tramps lodged for the year" is an item that merits careful consideration. 1894 - 1775 tramps lodged - we supply wood to the school which is cut 1895 - 1375 tramps lodged - believe they should be ?? by the tramps. 1896 - 1441 tramps lodged - lodged by the police: each traveller is required to saw 20 sticks of 4ft. cord wood into "stove lengths" (unless excused for some good reason by the warden) and in return receives a few crackers and the shelter of our tramp lockup. 1897 - 1449 tramps cared for with as may as 32 in one night. From information received from neighboring towns it was clear that we are being Imposed upon. 1898 - No of tramps lodged and fed: 1662 males and 2 females. The Board feels that tramps should be locked up elsewhere. The old lockup near the depot was fitted up at a small expense, and on December 11 went into use as a tramp house. Applicants for lodging were required to apply between the hours of 6 and 8 P.M. The effect was marvelous; from a formerly crowded house the average for the last month showed a record of about one tramp a day. 1899 - The use of the old lockup near the depot was wise move. Tramps lodged and fed during the the year dropped from a record 1664 to only 836 males and 2 females. Care of the tramp house cost $144.51. 1900 - Number of tramps cared for at tramp lockup: 844 1901 - Number of tramps cared for at tramp lockup: 742 males 1902 - Number of tramps cared for at tramp lockup: 1027 males, 1 female 1903 - Number of tramps lodged: 998 males, 1 female 1904 - Number of tramps lodged: 519 1905 - Number of tramps lodged before the new law was enforced: 90 males. Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Town Report References re: Tramps and Hobos Description An account of the resource This is a collection of Town Report excerpts in support of the Hobos and Tramps monograph (see related resource). (If anyone can provide details on what happened in law during 1904-1905 please contact us) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968-03 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.232 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Sheridan Relation A related resource <a href="/items/show/7633">Tramps and Hobos Monograph</a> hobos monograph Poor Farm tramps https://collection.maynardhistory.org/files/original/0f10e9a09cb9ffc877570bc2cd6b1e74.pdf 558d33ab5a86793f0f62ac1d7d572e0a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Monographs Description An account of the resource The Maynard Historical Society has a growing collection of monographs. Monographs, by nature, are focused and detailed research on a single topic (places, people, events, etc.) Many of these monographs, especially by guest authors outside of the Society's research team, contain personal anecdotes and details of life in town during their lifetime. In the years preceding the 1971 Centennial of Maynard the rather new Maynard Historical Society gathered a series of monographs on a wide variety of topics. 96 papers, written by primarily by Birger Koski and Ralph Sheridan, plus a number of "guest" authors, many of these were read at Historical Society meetings in the late 1960's and then became source material for the 1871-1971 History of Maynard book written for the Centennial of the Town. Monographs from that project are titled as a "Centennial Monograph", Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Maynard Historical Society, et. al. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Various Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-current Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. In 1899 a group of local business men organized a social club to be known as the D.Y.W.Y.K. club ("Don't You Wish You Knew?). Membership in the club was limited to twenty. A masquerade ball was held annually at Music Hall, with the exception of two years when they were abandoned due to dullness of trade. Two prizes of $5 in gold were offered annually: one for the handsomest lady and the other for the most comical costumed gentleman. A grand march and drill executed by the members in fancy costume under the direction of a competent instructor was always the feature of the occasion. The hall was always decorated by a Boston Decorating Company and the best orchestra available played. A catered supper would be served and dancing enjoyed until 3 a.m. In 1900, with the largest attendance in the history of the club, the concert was delayed owing to late arrival of violinist McEnnelly of Marlboro who had all of the music in his possession. Members of the club in 1900 were Joshua Edwards, John Lawton, Dell Martin, William Casey, George Whitney, William Irwin, Thomas Smith, Peter Kivlehan, Frank McCarron, William Punch, Lee Donahue, Edward Doherty, James Cleary, William V, Cameron, James Coughlan, Michael E. Sheehan, Bartholomew Coughlin, William Mahoney, William Lawler and Arthur J. Coughlan. It is interesting to note that a Miss Harris of Acton won the Handsomest lady prize for several years. Also, at the 26th anniversary ball in 1912, before a packed house, Frank C, Sheridan, won the prize as the most comical costumed gentleman. At the 21st annual ball, February 1907, a concert by the Bingville Band, under the direction of Charles Smith, was a feature of the evening. Music was so intoxicating that officer Connors was on the verge of making several arrests. The artists of the band were: Matt Campbell, Jack Kelley, Mell Butler, Bill Cleary, Jimmie Farrell and Marcus Kelley. Prepared by Ralph L. Sheridan Credit to the Maynard News --------- For further research: The dates suggest that the club was organized in 1886, not 1889 (typo?) Storage Location in the archive SU9-4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Centennial Monograph: D. Y. W. Y. K. Club Description An account of the resource The "Don't You Wish You Knew?" club was a social group started in 1899 by local businessmen with membership limited to 20 with the apparent goal of sponsoring elaborate masquerade balls. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ralph Sheridan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965-04 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2019.273 ball club dance DYWYK Club monograph